D. A. Green
A revised catalogue of 274 Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) is presented, along with some simple statistics of their parameters. It is shown that the remnants that have recently been identified are generally faint, as is expected from the selection effects that apply to the identification of remnants.
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A revised catalogue of Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) is presented, along with some simple statistics of their properties. Six new SNRs have been added to the catalogue since the previous published version from 2014, and six entries have been removed, as they have been identified as HII regions, leaving the number of entries in the catalogue at 294. Some simple statistics of the remnants in the catalogue, and the selection effects that apply, are discussed, along with some recently proposed Galactic SNR candidates.
An updated catalogue of 310 Galactic supernova remnants and their statistical properties
本文更新了银河系超新星遗迹目录至310个，新增21个、移除5个（实为HII区），并分析了其统计性质及识别中的选择效应。
Motivated by the wealth of past, existing, and upcoming X-ray and gamma-ray missions, we have developed the first public database of high-energy observations of all known Galactic Supernova Remnants (SNRs): http://www.physics.umanitoba.ca/snr/SNRcat. The catalogue links to, and complements, other existing related catalogues, including Dave Green's radio SNRs catalogue. We here highlight the features of the high-energy catalogue, including allowing users to filter or sort data for various purposes. The catalogue is currently targeted to Galactic SNR observations with X-ray and gamma-ray mission…
A revised catalogue of 294 Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) is presented, along with some simple statistics. This catalogue has twenty more entries than did the previous version (from 2009), as 21 new remnants have been added, and one object has been removed as it has been identified as an HII region.
We measure the distance to the supernova remnant G15.4+0.1 which is likely associated with TeV source HESS J1818-154. We build the neutral hydrogen (HI) absorption and 13CO spectra to supernova remnant G15.4+0.1 by employing the data from the Southern Galactic Plane Survey (SGPS) and the HI/OH/Recombination line survey (THOR). The maximum absorption velocity of about 140 km/s constrains its lower limit distance of about 8.0 kpc. Further, the fact that the HI emission feature at about 95 km/s seems no corresponding absorption suggests that G15.4+0.1 has likely an upper limit distance of about 1…
We present a new catalogue of radio sources in the face-on spiral galaxy M83. Radio observations taken in 2011, 2015, and 2017 with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) at 5.5 and 9 GHz have detected 270 radio sources. Although a small number of these sources are background extragalactic sources, most are either H II regions or supernova remnants (SNRs) within M83 itself. Three of the six historical supernovae are detected, as is the very young remnant that had been identified in a recent study, which is likely the result of a supernova that exploded in the last ~100 years but was miss…
A rapidly growing amount of evidences, mostly coming from the recent gamma-ray observations of Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs), is seriously challenging our understanding of how particles are accelerated at fast shocks. The cosmic-ray (CR) spectra required to account for the observed phenomenology are in fact as steep as $E^{-2.2}--E^{-2.4}$, i.e., steeper than the test-particle prediction of first-order Fermi acceleration, and significantly steeper than what expected in a more refined non-linear theory of diffusive shock acceleration. By accounting for the dynamical back-reaction of the no…
A morphological catalogue of Nova Remnants
本文首次编制了已分辨银河系新星遗迹的光学成像目录，涵盖66颗新星，提出形态分类系统，发现遗迹多为圆形或椭圆形，尺寸随年龄线性增长。
We have investigated a group of unassociated radio sources included in the 3CR cat- alogue to increase the multi-frequency information on them and possibly obtain an identification. We have carried out an observational campaign with the Swift satellite to observe with the UVOT and the XRT telescopes the field of view of 21 bright NVSS sources within the positional uncertainty region of the 3CR sources. Furthermore, we have searched in the recent AllWISE Source Catalogue for infrared sources matching the position of these NVSS sources. We have detected significant emission in the soft X-ray ban…
It is not straightforward to determine the distribution of supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Galaxy. The two main difficulties are that there are observational selection effects that mean that catalogues of SNRs are incomplete, and distances are not available for most remnants. Here I discuss the selection effects that apply to the latest catalogue of Galactic SNRs. I then compare the observed distribution of `bright' SNRs in Galactic longitude with that expected from models in order to constrain the Galactic distribution of SNRs.
Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) are accelerated at the forward shocks of supernova remnants (SNRs) via diffusive shock acceleration (DSA), an efficient acceleration mechanism that predicts power-law energy distributions of CRs. However, observations of nonthermal SNR emission imply CR energy distributions that are generally steeper than $E^{-2}$, the standard DSA prediction. Recent results from kinetic hybrid simulations suggest that such steep spectra may arise from the drift of magnetic structures with respect to the thermal plasma downstream of the shock. Using a semi-analytic model of non-linea…
We present a revised distance to the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant of $725\pm15$ pc based on Gaia Early Data Release 3 parallax measurements (EDR3) for several stars previously found to be located either inside or behind the supernova based on the presence of high-velocity absorption lines in their spectra. This revised distance estimate and error means the Cygnus Loop remnant now has an estimated distance uncertainty comparable to that of its $\simeq$18 pc radius.
We report on the proper motions of Balmer-dominated filaments in Kepler's supernova remnant using high resolution images obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope at two epochs separated by about 10 years. We use the improved proper motion measurements and revised values of shock velocities to derive a distance to Kepler of 5.1 [+0.8, -0.7] kpc. The main shock around the northern rim of the remnant has a typical speed of 1690 km/s and is encountering material with densities of about 8 cm^-3. We find evidence for the variation of shock properties over small spatial scales, including differences …
A Statistical Analysis of Galactic Radio Supernova Remnants
本文对390个银河系射电超新星遗迹进行统计分析，给出直径、年龄、谱指数、银面高度和球对称性等参数分布，并检验了$Σ$-D距离估计的准确性。
This paper presents a new study of the spectral index distribution of the supernova remnant (SNR) Puppis A. The nature of field compact sources is also investigated according to the measured spectral indices. This work is based on new observations of Puppis A and its surroundings performed with the Australia Telescope Compact Array in two configurations using the Compact Array Broad-band Backend centered at 1.75 GHz. We find that the global spectral index of Puppis A is -0.563 +/- 0.013. Local variations have been detected, however this global index represents well the bulk of the SNR. At the …
Here we describe a new study of the SNRs and SNR candidates in nearby face-on spiral galaxy M83, based primarily on MUSE integral field spectroscopy. Our revised catalog of SNR candidates in M83 has 366 objects, 81 of which are reported here for the first time. Of these, 229 lie within the MUSE observation region, 160 of which have spectra with [SII]:Halpha ratios exceeding 0.4, the value generally accepted as confirmation that an emission nebula is shock-heated. Combined with 51 SNR candidates outside the MUSE region with high [SII]:Halpha ratios, there are 211 spectroscopically-confirmed SNR…
Plerions represent ideal laboratories for the search for neutron stars, the study of their relativistic winds, and their interaction with their surrounding supernova ejecta and/or the interstellar medium. As well, they are widely believed to represent efficient engines for particle acceleration up to the knee of the cosmic ray spectrum (at about 1E15 eV). Multi-wavelength observations from the radio to the highest TeV energies, combined with modelling, have opened a new window to study these objects, and particularly shed light on their intrinsic properties, diversity, and evolution. High-reso…
This paper aims to give a brief review of a new concept for the preliminary determination of the evolutionary status of supernova remnants (SNRs). Data obtained by radio observations in continuum are used. There are three different methods underlying the new concept: the first one based on the location of observationally obtained radio surface brightness and corresponding diameter of an SNR on the theoretically derived Sigma-D tracks; the second one based on the forms of radio spectra; and the third one, based on the magnetic field strengths that are estimated through the equipartition (eqp) c…
In order to determine the Galactic distribution of supernova remnants (SNRs) there are two main difficulties: (i) there are selection effects which mean that catalogues of SNRs are not complete, and (ii) distances are not available for most SNRs, so distance estimates from the `Sigma-D' relation are used. Here I compare the observed distribution of 69 `bright' SNRs with Galactic longitude with that expected from the projection of various model Galactocentric radius distributions. This does not require distances from the `Sigma-D' relation, and selecting only `bright' remnants aims to avoid maj…
Detectability of Supernova Remnants with the Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory
本研究应用超新星遗迹演化模型预测伽马射线谱，评估SWGO探测前景，预计一年内可探测到至少6个、可能多达11个超新星遗迹。
We present the first public database of high-energy observations of all known Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs). In section 1 we introduce the rationale for this work motivated primarily by studying particle acceleration in SNRs, and which aims at bridging the already existing census of Galactic SNRs (primarily made at radio wavelengths) with the ever-growing but diverse observations of these objects at high-energies (in the X-ray and gamma-ray regimes). In section 2 we show how users can browse the database using a dedicated web front-end (http://www.physics.umanitoba.ca/snr/SNRcat). In sect…
Aims: We present a detailed X-ray and radio wavelength study of G308.4-1.4, a candidate supernova remnant (SNR) in the ROSAT All Sky Survey and the MOST supernova remnant catalogue, in order to identify it as a SNR. Methods: The SNR candidate and its central sources were studied using observations from the Chandra X-ray Observatory, SWIFT, the Australian Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) at 1.4 and 2.5 GHz and WISE infrared observation at 24 $μ$m. Results: We conclude that G308.4-1.4 is indeed a supernova remnant by means of its morphology matching at X-ray, radio and infrared wavelength, its spe…
Interstellar clouds can act as target material for hadronic cosmic rays; gamma-rays produced through inelastic proton-proton collisions and spatially associated with the clouds provide a key indicator of efficient particle acceleration. However, even for PeVatron sources reaching PeV energies, the system of cloud and accelerator must fulfil several conditions in order to produce a detectable gamma-ray flux. In this contribution, we characterise the necessary properties of both cloud and accelerator. Using available Supernova Remnant (SNR) and interstellar cloud catalogues, and assuming particl…
The International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) continues to successfully work in orbit after its launch in 2002. The mission provides the deepest ever survey of hard X-ray sources throughout the Galaxy at energies above 20 keV. We report on a catalogue of new hard X-ray source candidates based on the latest sky maps comprising 14 years of data acquired with the IBIS telescope onboard INTEGRAL in the Galactic Plane (|b|<17.5 deg). The current catalogue includes in total 72 hard X-ray sources detected at S/N>4.7 sigma and not known to previous INTEGRAL surveys. Among them, 31 obj…
Observations of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission from supernova remnants (SNR) established them as sources of accelerated particles up to energies of 100 TeV. The dominant process - leptonic or hadronic - responsible for the VHE emission is still not proven for most of the SNRs. Molecular clouds (MCs) in the vicinity of SNRs provide increased amount of target material for accelerated particles escaping the SNRs, thus making MCs potential gamma-ray sources. The predicted gamma-ray flux for MCs offset from the SNR shock depends on the applied diffusion model for VHE particles and the SN…
Exploring the supernova remnant contribution to the first LHAASO source catalog via passively illuminated interstellar clouds
本研究通过物理驱动的粒子逃逸模型，探讨了超新星遗迹（SNRs）逃逸粒子与星际云相互作用产生超高能伽马射线的情景，发现被动照明的云可能对首个LHAASO目录中未识别源的伽马射线通量有贡献。
Interstellar clouds can act as target material for hadronic cosmic rays; gamma rays subsequently produced through inelastic proton-proton collisions and spatially associated with such clouds can provide a key indicator of efficient particle acceleration. However, even in the case that particle acceleration proceeds up to PeV energies, the system of accelerator and nearby target material must fulfil a specific set of conditions in order to produce a detectable gamma-ray flux. In this study, we rigorously characterise the necessary properties of both cloud and accelerator. By using available Sup…
A Complete X-ray View of Supernova Remnant W28 with Einstein Probe: Spatial Distribution of Parameters and Origin of the Thermal-Composite Morphology
利用爱因斯坦探针卫星的13千秒观测，揭示了W28的X射线图像，发现西侧壳层结构，并通过光谱分析证明内部等离子体经历复合，中心区域等温，热传导和云蒸发导致冷却，修正了动力学年龄为约8千年，表明中心填充与壳层形态共存。
We present the analysis of supernova remnants (SNRs) and candidates in M31 identified in the XMM-Newton large programme survey of M31. SNRs are among the bright X-ray sources in a galaxy. They are good indicators of recent star formation activities of a galaxy and of the interstellar environment in which they evolve. By combining the X-ray data of sources in M31 with optical data as well as with optical and radio catalogues, we aim to compile a complete, revised list of SNRs emitting X-rays in M31 detected with XMM-Newton, study their luminosity and spatial distribution, and understand the X-r…
The H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey (HGPS) represents one of the most sensitive surveys of the Galactic Plane at very high energies (VHE, 0.1-100 TeV). However the source detection algorithm of the HGPS pipeline is not well-suited for complex regions, including sources with shell-like morphologies. As an alternative and complementary approach, we have investigated blind search methods for VHE gamma-ray source detection based on well-known and widely used image processing and pattern recognition techniques. Our goal is to build in a short amount of computational time a list of potentially valuab…
We investigate a progenitor mass distribution of core-collapse supernova remnants (CCSNRs) in our Galaxy and the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, for the first time. We count the number of CCSNRs in three mass ranges divided by the zero-age main-sequence mass, $M_{\rm ZAMS}$; A: $M_{\rm ZAMS} < 15\ {\rm M}_\odot$, B: $15\ {\rm M}_\odot < M_{\rm ZAMS} < 22.5\ {\rm M}_\odot$, C: $M_{\rm ZAMS} > 22.5\ {\rm M}_\odot$. Simple compilation of progenitor masses in the literature yields a progenitor mass distribution of $f_{\rm A}: f_{\rm B}: f_{\rm C} =0.24:0.28:0.48$, where $f$ is the number fracti…
Detection of Diffuse Radio Emission inside the Supernova Remnant G338.3-0.0 associated with the Gamma-ray Source HESS J1640-465
该研究利用MeerKAT新观测数据，在SNR G338.3-0.0内发现与X射线PWN及伽马射线源重叠的弥漫射电辐射，通过模型表明其源于PSR驱动的PWN且正与反向激波相互作用，或为银河系PeV电子源。
We present near-infrared (2.5 - 5.0 um) spectra of shocked H2 gas in the supernova remnant IC 443, obtained with the satellite AKARI. Three shocked clumps-known as B, C, and G-and one background region were observed, and only H2 emission lines were detected. Except the clump B, the extinctioncorrected level population shows the ortho-to-para ratio of ~ 3.0. From the level population of the clumps C and G-both AKARI's only and the one extended with previous mid-infrared observations-we found that the v = 0 levels are more populated than the v > 0 levels at a fixed level energy, which cannot be …
Supernovae remnants (SNRs) represent a major feedback source from stars on the interstellar medium of galaxies. During the latest stage of supernovae explosions, shock waves produced by the initial blast modify the chemistry of gas and dust, inject kinetic energy in the surroundings, and may alter star formation characteristics. Simultaneously, gamma-ray emission is generated by the interaction between the ambiant medium and the cosmic rays. We study the stellar and interstellar contents of IC443, an evolved shell type SNR at a distance of 1.9 kpc, with an estimated age of 30 kyr. We aim to me…
The Black Hole Candidate Swift J1728.9$-$3613 and the Supernova Remnant G351.9$-$0.9
本研究通过多波段观测分析 X 射线暂现源 Swift J1728.9$-$3613，提出其黑洞主星位于超新星遗迹 G351.9$-$0.9 内，且偶然叠加概率低于 1.7%。
Energetic pulsars can be embedded in a nebula of relativistic leptons which is powered by the dissipation of the rotational energy of the pulsar. The object PSR J0855-4644 is an energetic and fast-spinning pulsar (Edot = 1.1x10^36 erg/s, P=65 ms) discovered near the South-East rim of the supernova remnant (SNR) RX J0852.0-4622 (aka Vela Jr) by the Parkes multibeam survey. The position of the pulsar is in spatial coincidence with an enhancement in X-rays and TeV gamma-rays, which could be due to its putative pulsar wind nebula (PWN). The purpose of this study is to search for diffuse non-therma…
Quiescent and Interacting Compact Remnant Binary Populations in the Space Telescope Era
该研究结合BPASS恒星模型与FIRE模拟的合成银河系，预测了银河系宁静致密双星种群及其演化，与观测吻合度良好，还预测了Gaia和Roman未来可探测的候选系统数量，为相关研究提供了理论参考。
During its early evolution, a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) sweeps the inner part of the supernova ejecta and forms a thin massive shell. Later on, when the shell has been reached by the reverse shock of the supernova remnant, the evolution becomes more complex, in most cases reverting the expansion into a compression: this later phase is called "reverberation". Computations done so far to understand this phase have been mostly performed in the thin-shell approximation, where the evolution of the PWN radius is assimilated to that of the swept-up shell under the effect of both the inner pressure fro…
LOFAR follow-up of sources in the First LHAASO Catalogue
利用LOFAR低频射电数据，为55个1LHAASO源寻找对应体，发现24个新SNR候选，并估计至少四分之一的银道面源位于SNR环境中。
The role of nearby galactic sources, the supernova remnants, in formation of observed energy spectrum and anisotropy of high-energy cosmic rays is studied. The list of these sources is made up based on radio, X-ray and gamma-ray catalogues. The distant sources are treated statistically as ensemble of sources with random positions and ages. The source spectra are defined based on the modern theory of cosmic ray acceleration in supernova remnants while the propagation of cosmic rays in the interstellar medium is described in the frameworks of galactic diffusion model. Calculations of anisotropy …
The high sensitivity of the XMM-Newton instrumentation offers the opportunity to study faint and extended sources in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies such as the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) in detail. The ROSAT PSPC survey of the LMC has revealed more than 700 X-ray sources, among which there are 46 supernova remnants (SNRs) and candidates. We have observed the field around one of the most promising SNR candidates in the ROSAT PSPC catalogue, labelled [HP99] 456 with XMM-Newton, to determine its nature. We investigated the XMM-Newton data along with new radio-continuum, near infrared and opt…
Disentangling the Galactic binary zoo: Machine learning classification of stellar remnant binaries in LISA data
本文利用机器学习方法对LISA数据中的恒星残骸双星进行分类，发现XGBoost在识别双白矮星和高质双星方面表现优异，但NSWD系统仍存在较大误判风险。
We present a comprehensive X-ray study of the population of supernova remnants (SNRs) in the LMC. Using primarily XMM-Newton, we conduct a systematic spectral analysis of LMC SNRs to gain new insights on their evolution and the interplay with their host galaxy. We combined all the archival XMM observations of the LMC with those of our Very Large Programme survey. We produced X-ray images and spectra of 51 SNRs, out of a list of 59. Using a careful modelling of the background, we consistently analysed all the X-ray spectra and measure temperatures, luminosities, and chemical compositions. We in…
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