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arXiv 0905.0826cond-mat.softcond-mat.stat-mech
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粘弹性亚扩散:从反常到正常

Viscoelastic subdiffusion: from anomalous to normal

Igor Goychuk

摘要:

本文用广义朗之万方程方法研究了周期势和非周期势中的粘弹性次扩散。我们的研究结果证明了(超)慢的波动率的观点,相应的非马尔可夫动力学显示爆裂和反相关的停留时间在两个潜在的井。当势垒$V_0$数倍超过热能$k_BT$($V_0\sim 2 - 10 k_BT$)时,相变动力学是渐近拉伸指数的,不能用非马尔可夫速率理论(NMRT)描述.然而,随着势垒高度的增加,即停留时间的最可能对数,众所周知的NMRT结果更接近。此外,速率描述逐渐恢复时,势垒高度超过一个模糊的边界,这取决于幂律指数的自由亚扩散$α$。这种无势次扩散是遍历的。令人惊讶的是,在周期性电位,它是不敏感的势垒高度在长时间的渐近极限。然而,过渡到这个渐近制度是非常缓慢的,它深刻地依赖于势垒高度。这种次扩散的时间尺度可以超过在势阱中或在有限空间域中的平均停留时间许多数量级。所有这些功能是在鲜明的对比,与一个替代的亚扩散机制,涉及陷阱之间的跳跃,在这些陷阱中的平均停留时间不同。

英文摘要:

We study viscoelastic subdiffusion in bistable and periodic potentials within the Generalized Langevin Equation approach. Our results justify the (ultra)slow fluctuating rate view of the corresponding bistable non-Markovian dynamics which displays bursting and anti-correlation of the residence times in two potential wells. The transition kinetics is asymptotically stretched-exponential when the potential barrier $V_0$ several times exceeds thermal energy $k_BT$ ($V_0\sim 2 - 10 k_BT$) and it cannot be described by the non-Markovian rate theory (NMRT). The well-known NMRT result approximates, however, ever better with the increasing barrier height, the most probable logarithm of the residence times. Moreover, the rate description is gradually restored when the barrier height exceeds a fuzzy borderline which depends on the power law exponent of free subdiffusion $α$. Such a potential-free subdiffusion is ergodic. Surprisingly, in periodic potentials it is not sensitive to the barrier height in the long time asymptotic limit. However, the transient to this asymptotic regime is extremally slow and it does profoundly depend on the barrier height. The time-scale of such subdiffusion can exceed the mean residence time in a potential well, or in a finite spatial domain by many orders of magnitude. All these features are in sharp contrast with an alternative subdiffusion mechanism involving jumps among traps with the divergent mean residence time in these traps.

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