We used a local susceptibility approach in extensive polarized neutron diffraction studies of the spin liquid \tbti. For a magnetic field applied along the [110] and [111] directions, we found that, at high temperature, all Tb moments are collinear and parallel to the field. With decreasing temperature, the Tb moments reorient from the field direction to their local anisotropy axes. For the [110] field direction, the field induced magnetic structure at 10 K is spin ice-like, but with two types of Tb moments of very different magnitudes. For a field along [111], the magnetic structure resembles the so-called "one in-three out" found in spin ices, with the difference that all Tb moments have an additional component along the [111] direction due to the magnetic field. The temperature evolution of the local susceptibilities clearly demonstrates a progressive change from Heisenberg to Ising behavior of the Tb moments when lowering the temperature, which appears to be a crystal field effect.
Pyrochlore lattices, which are found in two important classes of materials -- the $A_2B_2X_7$ pyrochlore family and the $AB_2X_4$ spinel family -- are the quintessential 3-dimensional frustrated lattice architecture. While historically oxides ($X =$~O) have played the starring role in this field, the past decade has seen materials synthesis breakthroughs that have lead to the emergence of fluoride ($X =$~F) and chalcogenide ($X =$~S, Se) pyrochlore lattice materials. In this Research Update, we summarize recent progress in understanding the magnetically frustrated ground states in three famili…
Mixed valence on a pyrochlore lattice - LiV2O4 as a geometrically frustrated magnet
在40 K以上,重费米子尖晶石LiV_2O_4的磁化率与几何阻挫磁绝缘体的磁化率具有许多共同特征,而其室温电阻率舒适地超过Mott-Regel极限。这表明,当地的磁矩,以及烧绿石晶格的基本几何形状,在确定其磁性能发挥了重要作用。我们最近推出的四面体平均场论绝缘烧绿石反铁磁体的情况下,其中个别四面体包含不同长度的自旋,并以此为出发点,讨论三种不同的情况下,在LiV 2 O 4的磁性和电子的转变。
Frustrated rare-earth pyrochlore titanates, Yb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$, and Tb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ have been proposed as promising candidates to realize quantum spin ice (QSI). Multiple exotic quantum phases, including Coulombic ferromagnet, quantum valence-bond solid, and quadrupolar ordering, have been predicted to emerge in the QSI state upon application of a (111)-oriented external magnetic field. Here, we report on the primal successful layer-by-layer growth of ultra-thin films of frustrated quantum pyrochlores, R$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ (R = Er, Yb, and Tb), along the (111) direction. We confirm their high cry…
Thermal conductivity of quantum magnetic monopoles in the frustrated pyrochlore Yb2Ti2O7
我们报道了烧绿石Yb $_2$ Ti $_2$ O $_7$的低温热导率$κ$,其中包含具有显著量子涨落的受抑自旋冰关联。在无序自旋液体区域,$κ(H)$表现出非单调的磁场依赖性,这是很好地解释了强的自旋-声子散射和量子相干激发。我们发现量子单极子的激发能比无色散的经典单极子的激发能有很强的抑制。此外,与扩散的经典单极子形成鲜明对比的是,量子单极子具有很长的平均自由程,我们推断量子单极子是一种新的重粒子,可能是玻色子,它在三维自旋液体中是高度可动的。
Direct evidence for a dynamical ground state in the highly frustrated Tb$_2$Sn$_2$O$_7$ pyrochlore
对“有序自旋冰”Tb $_2$ Sn $_2$ O $_7$烧绿石化合物的粉末样品进行了MuSR实验。在基温(T=35mK),μ子弛豫具有动力学性质,表明在铁磁相变(T_C=0.87K)以下仍存在强涨落。长程序的暗示表现为μ子极化在外场作用下的振荡和T_C以下的滞后行为。我们提出了一个动态的和强相关的情况下,动力学的结果从大自旋团簇的波动与“有序自旋冰”的结构。
在这篇评论中,我们提供了一系列的挫折量子稀土辉石的物理介绍。我们首先给出了这些材料的微观单离子和双离子物理的背景,讨论了它们的交换相互作用的起源和性质以及它们的最小低能有效模型,然后概述了它们的经典和量子相。然后,我们利用这种理解来讨论四个重要的材料示例:Er $_2$ Ti $_2$ O $_7$,Yb $_2$ Ti $_2$ O $_2$,Tb $_2$ Ti $_2$ O $_7$和Pr $_2$ Zr $_2$ O $_7$,涵盖了实验上和理论上对每一种已知的一些细节,并总结了一些尚未解决的关键问题。最后,我们提供了一些替代材料平台实现类似的物理和讨论我们看到的前景,这些量子稀土高温超导体的未来调查的前景。
Thermal Hall conductivity in the frustrated pyrochlore magnet Tb2Ti2O7
在铁磁体中,自旋激发是研究得很好的磁振子。在受抑的量子磁体中,尽管自旋之间有很大的交换耦合,但长程磁序无法发展。与传统磁体中的磁振子相比,人们对它们的自旋激发知之甚少。他们是流动的还是本地的?在这里,我们表明,热霍尔电导率$κ_{xy}$提供了一个强大的探针的“量子自旋冰”烧绿石Tb $_2$ Ti $_2$ O $_7$的自旋激发。即使材料是透明的,热霍尔响应也很大。霍尔响应产生于自旋激发,具有将它们与磁振子区分开的特定特性。在低温($T<$ 1 K)下,热导率模仿脏金属的热导率。使用霍尔角,我们构建了一个相位图,显示了如何通过磁场抑制激励。
Structural properties of the geometrically frustrated pyrochlore Tb2Ti2O7
虽然理论上表现出最近邻反铁磁相互作用和几何挫折的材料在没有无序的情况下不应该磁有序,但很少有这样的系统被实验观察到。一个这样的系统似乎是烧绿石Tb 2 Ti 2 O 7。然而,以前的结构研究表明,Tb_2Ti_2O_7是一个不完美的烧绿石。为了澄清这种情况,我们进行了中子粉末衍射(NPD)和X射线吸收精细结构(XAFS)的样品上的测量,这些样品是相同的制备,显示没有磁序。NPD测量结果表明,Tb_2Ti_2O_7的长程有序结构在4.5 ~ 600 K之间没有发生结构转变。具体而言,每个部位的均方位移(u^2)遵循无偏移的德拜模型。在2%的上限内,没有观察到Tb/Ti位点互换的证据。同样,在标称烧绿石值的2%的上限内,没有观察到氧化学计量的过量或不足。Tb L3-和Ti K-边XAFS测量从20-300 K类似地表明一个良好有序的局部结构。考虑了结构的其他方面。我们得出结论,Tb 2 Ti 2 O 7具有,在实验误差范围内,一个理想的,无序的烧绿石晶格,从而使系统保持在一个动态的,受挫的自旋状态的最低观测温度。
Quasiparticle Breakdown and Spin Hamiltonian of the Frustrated Quantum Pyrochlore Yb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ in Magnetic Field
阻挫烧绿石磁体Yb $_2$ Ti $_2$ O $_7$具有磁性有序的显著性质,但在布里渊区的宽区域上没有传播的磁振子。在这里,我们使用非弹性中子散射,以遵循如何频谱的演变,在垂直轴磁场。在高场,我们观察到除了色散的磁振子也是一个两个磁振子连续,它的强度增加后,减少领域和重叠的一个磁振子状态在中间领域导致强重整化的色散关系,和磁振子衰变。利用热容测量,我们发现低场区和高场区是平滑连接的,没有急剧的相变,自旋能隙随场单调增加。通过拟合到一个广泛的数据集,我们重新评估的自旋哈密顿发现占主导地位的量子交换项,我们建议负责的强烈波动和准粒子击穿效应在低场观察。
Spin-lattice coupling in frustrated antiferromagnets
本文综述了自旋-晶格耦合在消除烧绿石反铁磁体,特别是尖晶石氧化物的几何阻挫中的作用机制。烧绿石晶格的组成单元四面体单元在晶格自由度与反铁磁性耦合时发生自旋驱动的Jahn-Teller不稳定性。通过限制我们的考虑,以保持平移对称性的晶格的扭曲,我们提出了一个一般的理论,集体自旋Jahn-Teller效应的烧绿石晶格。预测的晶格畸变之一打破了反转对称性,并产生了手性烧绿石晶格,其中受挫键形成具有一定手性的螺旋。手性通过自旋轨道耦合转移到自旋系统,导致长周期螺旋状态,如在尖晶石CdCr 2 O 4中观察到的。我们讨论了利用局域声子模的自旋-晶格耦合的显式模型,以及它们在其他阻挫磁体中的应用。
Spin Waves and Quantum Criticality in the Frustrated XY Pyrochlore Antiferromagnet Er2Ti2O7
我们报告了Er $_2$ Ti $_2$ O $_7$的低温磁相图的详细测量结果。在晶体[110]方向施加磁场的条件下,单晶的热容和飞行时间中子散射研究揭示了非常规的低能态。Er $^{3+}$磁性离子驻留在Er $_2$ Ti $_2$ O $_7$中的烧绿石晶格上,其中局部XY各向异性和反铁磁相互作用产生独特的阻挫系统。在零场中,基态表现出共存的短和长程序,伴随着软集体自旋激发以前被认为是不存在的。有限磁场的应用通过非共线相位的景观连续地调谐基态,除以在$μ_0 H_c \sim$ 1.5 T的零温度相变。正如量子涨落驱动的二阶量子相变所预期的那样,自旋涨落的特征能量尺度在临界点消失。
The magnetic ground state of oxynitride pyrochlore Lu$_2$Mo$_2$O$_{5-y}$N$_2$, a candidate compound for the quantum spin liquid ($S=1/2$, Mo$^{5+}$), was studied by muon spin rotation/relaxation experiment. In contrast to Lu$_2$Mo$_2$O$_7$ ($S=1$, Mo$^{4+}$) which exhibits the spin-glass behavior with a freezing temperature $T_g\simeq16$ K, no such spin freezing or long range magnetic order was observed down to 0.3 K. Moreover, two separate magnetic domains were detected below $\sim$13 K, which were characterized by differences in spin dynamics. The first is the "sporadic" spin fluctuation see…
Ferromagnetic - spin glass transition induced by pressure in the geometrically frustrated pyrochlore (Tb$_{1-x}$La$_x$)$_2$Mo$_2$O$_7$
本文用中子衍射和$μ$ SR研究了(Tb $_{1-x}$ La $_x$)$_2$ Mo $_2$ O $_7$高温超导体。Tb取代La使晶格膨胀,并引起从自旋玻璃状状态({ \itshape x}=0)到非共线铁磁体({ \itshape x}=0.2)的变化。在铁磁结构中,Tb矩的取向接近于它们的局部各向异性轴,而Mo矩的取向接近于净矩。$μ$ SR动力学弛豫速率在居里温度T $_C$处显示尖状峰,在T $^\star$ $<$ T $_C$处显示宽异常,表明局部或动力学性质的第二次转变。在压力下,长程有序被破坏,恢复到类似自旋玻璃的状态。这组数据提供了铁磁-自旋玻璃阈值区自旋关联和涨落的微观图像。
Nonconventional Spin Glass Transition in a Chemically Ordered Pyrochlore
本文报道了几何阻挫烧绿石Tb $_{2}$ Mo $_{2}$ O $_{7}$,$T$ $_{g}$ $\simeq$ 24 K中不寻常的自旋玻璃性质的研究。分析的非线性部分的直流和复杂的磁化率,附近的玻璃化转变制度,表明存在一个统计分布的弛豫时间在短程有序铁磁簇。此外,磁自旋在低于玻璃化转变温度时没有被充分冻结;显然,这是非线性磁化率的静态临界指数的非平衡标度行为的原因。我们的报告有望为理解具有短程铁磁相互作用的挫火辉石的冻结特性提供新的思路。
We have investigated the origin of the magnetic dipole correlations $\langle σ_{\boldsymbol{Q}}^z σ_{\boldsymbol{-Q}}^z \rangle$ characterized by the modulation wave vector $\boldsymbol{k} \sim (\tfrac{1}{2},\tfrac{1}{2},\tfrac{1}{2})$ observed in the frustrated pyrochlore magnet Tb$_{2+x}$Ti$_{2-x}$O$_{7+y}$. This magnetic short-range order cannot be accounted for by adding further-neighbor exchange interactions to the nearest-neighbor pseudospin-$\tfrac{1}{2}$ Hamiltonian for quantum pyrochlore magnets. Using classical Monte Carlo simulation and quantum simulation based on thermally pure qua…
Optical phonons, spin correlations, and spin-phonon coupling in the frustrated pyrochlore magnets CdCr2O4 and ZnCr2O4
我们报告的红外,拉曼,磁化率和比热测量CdCr 2 O 4和ZnCr 2 O 4单晶。我们估计的最近邻和次最近邻交换常数从磁化率和提取的自旋-自旋关联函数从磁化率和比热的磁贡献。通过与TN以上的红外光学声子频移的比较,我们得到了这些系统中自旋-声子耦合常数的估计。拉曼和红外活性声子模式的观察表明,在CdCr 2 O 4中低于Neel温度时,反转对称性的损失与Chern及其同事的理论预测一致[Phys.Rev.B74,060405(2006)]。在ZnCr_2O_4中,在TN以下出现了几个新的模式,但没有检测到声子模式,这是拉曼和红外活性的,表明在低温相的反转对称性守恒。
Geometrically Frustrated Quadrupoles on the Pyrochlore Lattice and Generalized Spin Liquids
Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems(马克斯·普朗克复杂系统物理研究所);Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay(里昂·布里渊实验室,法国原子能和替代能源委员会,法国国家科学研究中心,巴黎萨克雷大学);Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel(格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学,法国国家科学研究中心,尼尔研究所)
Magnetic transition, long-range order, and moment fluctuations in the pyrochlore iridate Eu2Ir2O7
μ子自旋旋转和弛豫实验中的烧绿石铱酸盐Eu 2 Ir 2 O 7产生一个明确的μ子自旋进动频率低于金属-绝缘体/反铁磁转变温度TM = 120 K,表示远程相称的磁秩序,从而排除了量子自旋液体和自旋玻璃样基态。动态μ子自旋弛豫速率在2 K和~TM之间与温度无关,并产生了非常长的Ir^{4+}自旋相关时间,表明低位自旋激发的奇异密度。类似的行为被发现在其他pyrophores和几何挫折系统,但也在unfrustrated iridate BaIrO 3。Eu 2 Ir 2 O 7可能只有微弱的阻挫;如果是这样的话,奇异性可能与小能隙绝缘态有关,而不是阻挫。
Three-dimensionally (3D) frustrated magnets generally exist in the magnetic diamond and pyrochlore lattices, in which quantum fluctuations suppress magnetic orders and generate highly entangled ground states (GS). LiYbSe2 in a previously unreported pyrochlore lattice was discovered from LiCl flux growth. Distinct from the quantum spin liquid (QSL) candidate NaYbSe2 hosting a perfect triangular lattice of Yb3+, LiYbSe2 crystallizes in the cubic pyrochlore structure with space group Fd-3m (No. 227). The Yb3+ ions in LiYbSe2 are arranged on a network of corner-sharing tetrahedra, which is particu…
Quadrupole Order in the Frustrated Pyrochlore Tb$_{2+x}$Ti$_{2-x}$O$_{7+y}$
利用高质量单晶的比热、磁化强度和中子散射实验研究了阻挫烧绿石Tb $_{2+x}$ Ti $_{2-x}$ O $_{7+y}$与$T_{\text{c}}=0.53$ K中出现的隐序。基于赝自旋1/2哈密顿量的离子非Kramers磁偶极子的半定量分析表明,它是电四极矩的有序态。名义Tb $_2$ Ti $_2$ O $_7$的难以捉摸的自旋液体状态最有可能是U(1)量子自旋液体状态。
Polynomial Expansion Monte Carlo Study of Frustrated Itinerant Electron Systems: Application to a Spin-ice type Kondo Lattice Model on a Pyrochlore Lattice
Reentrance, the return of a system from an ordered phase to a previously encountered less-ordered one as a controlled parameter is continuously varied, is a recurring theme found in disparate physical systems, from condensed matter to black holes. While diverse in its many incarnations and generally unsuspected, the cause of reentrance at the microscopic level is often not investigated thoroughly. Here, through detailed characterization and theoretical modeling, we uncover the microscopic mechanism behind reentrance in the strongly frustrated pyrochlore antiferromagnet Er$_2$Sn$_2$O$_7$. Takin…
Local lattice disorder in the geometrically-frustrated spin glass pyrochlore Y2Mo2O7
几何受挫的自旋玻璃Y2 Mo 2 O 7已被广泛认为是结晶有序的唯一的最近邻磁交换相互作用,J.为了测试这一论断,我们提出了X射线吸收精细结构的结果为Mo和Y K边缘作为温度的函数,并将它们与结果从有序的烧绿石,Tl 2 Mn 2 O 7。我们发现Mo-Mo对的距离在与Y-Mo对近似成直角的方向上是显著无序的。这些结果强烈表明,晶格无序成核的自旋玻璃相在这种材料中。
Pyrochlores offer an ideal playground to investigate the magnetic ground state of frustrated magnetic systems. In this class of materials, competition between various magnetic interactions remains frustrated and prevents an ordered magnetic state at low temperatures. Tb2Sn2O7 has recently attracted significant attention due to its ordered spin-ice state. Additionally, in such systems, application of external magnetic field might result in exotic magnetic states. Our current investigation on Tb2Sn2O7 reveal the presence of a new phase associated with fifth order susceptibility at low temperatur…
Magnon interactions in the frustrated pyrochlore ferromagnet Yb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$
阻挫的稀土烧绿石Yb $_2$ Ti $_2$ O $_7$在磁性材料中是引人注目的:尽管具有铁磁有序的基态,但它表现出宽的、几乎无间隙的连续激发。这一宽广的连续谱与预期中的尖锐的单磁振子激发平滑地连接在一起,并且在高磁场中确实观察到了,这就提出了一个问题:当磁场降低时,这种尖锐的磁振子是如何分解的?本文研究了Yb $_2$ Ti $_2$ O $_7$中的磁振子相互作用,表明它们的加入大大扩展了自旋波理论的范围。首先,我们证明了磁振子相互作用移动了(张开的)铁磁体(SFM)和反铁磁$Γ_5$相之间的相界,使得Yb $_2$ Ti $_2$ O $_7$非常靠近它。这包括对$[111]$和$[1\bar{1}0]$方向的临界场的校正,使它们更接近观察到的实验值,以及解释在低于3 T的$[001]$施加场中出现的与线性自旋波理论的偏离[Thompson等人,物理修订信函119,057203(2017)]。转向低场,尽管实验观察到的加宽程度没有完全再现,但我们发现非线性自旋波理论与单晶样品以及粉末样品上的非弹性中子散射数据之间的大致对应关系[Peçanha-Antonio等人,B,96,214415(2017)]。最后,我们展望了未来的实验和理论工作的影响Yb $_2$钛$_2$ O $_7$和相关材料,突出的重要性接近张开的铁磁$Γ_5$相界和它的潜在作用的内在或外在的解释低场物理的…
Quadrupole order in the frustrated pyrochlore magnet Tb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$
通过比热实验和蒙特卡罗(MC)模拟研究了烧绿石类阻挫磁体Tb $_2$ Ti $_2$ O $_7$的隐藏长程有序(LRO),并将其作为Tb $^{3+}$的非Kramers离子所固有的四极矩LRO进行了讨论.我们发现,$H//[001]$尖锐的比热峰在0.3T以上的磁场作用下会塌陷成一个宽峰。这一结果,定性再现MC模拟,表明场诱导的磁状态克服了四极LRO状态,作为一个类似的情况下,一个经典的自旋冰。目前的结果支持的解释,Tb $_{2+x}$ Ti $_{2-x}$ O $_{7+y}$是一个独特的材料之间的四极($x \geq x_c = -0.0025$)和自旋液体($x \leq x_c$)状态,其中沿[001]轴的磁场是一个调谐参数,诱导磁有序状态。
Spin-orbital glass transition in a model of a frustrated pyrochlore magnet without quenched disorder
我们从理论上表明,自旋和轨道自由度的烧绿石氧化物Y2 Mo 2 O 7,这是免费的淬火无序,可以表现出同时的玻璃化转变,作为动力学随机性工作。自旋和轨道的相互作用是由选择轨道的Jahn-Teller晶格畸变介导的,然后产生从铁磁到反铁磁的各种自旋交换相互作用。我们的蒙特卡罗模拟检测到的弛豫时间的幂律发散和磁和介电非线性极化率的负发散,解决了长期困扰的起源无无序自旋玻璃。
Intrinsic Magnetic Excitations and Heavy-Fermion Formation in the Frustrated Mn Pyrochlore System YMn$_{2+δ}$Zn$_{20-x}X_x$ ($X$ = In and Al) Revealed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Measurements
Controlling effective dimensionality and competition between spin liquid and chiral orders by new multiorbital effects in $S=\frac{1}{2}$ pyrochlore oxides