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arXiv 0904.0701astro-ph.HE
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黑洞吸积盘半径随状态和吸积率的变化

On the variation of black hole accretion disc radii as a function of state and accretion rate

C. Cabanac, R. P. Fender, R. J. H. Dunn, E. G. Koerding

摘要:

黑洞二进制瞬态经历戏剧性的演变,在其X射线的时间和光谱行为在爆发。近年来出现了一种范式,其中“软”X射线状态与内部圆盘半径相关,或者非常接近黑洞周围的最内稳定圆形轨道(ISCO),而在“硬”X射线状态下,圆盘的内边缘远离黑洞。平流流动的模型表明,当X射线光度在硬态下下降时,内盘逐渐后退,从几个到几百个引力半径。最近的观测显示,宽铁线检测和估计的光盘组件的强度表明,一个非凹陷的光盘可能仍然存在于明亮的硬状态。在这项研究中,我们提出了一个全面的分析与内盘的光谱成分,利用仪器的数据与灵敏的低能量响应,包括重新分析以前发表的结果。该研究的一个关键组成部分是充分估计系统的不确定性,例如,详细研究氢柱密度固定或自由变化的影响。我们的结论是,当L_x > 0.01的爱丁顿极限时,谱拟合允许我们将圆盘限制在< 10R_g。然而,有明显的证据表明,当L_x在10^-2 ~ 10^-3爱丁顿之间时,圆盘确实开始后退。我们测量了两个静止黑洞双星的盘半径,并给出了在整个测热光度范围内吸积参数的推断演化10^-8 -- 1爱丁顿。我们比较我们的结果与理论模型,并指出,隐含的光盘衰退率与光度是一致的,最近的经验结果的X射线计时行为的所有质量的黑洞。

英文摘要:

Black hole binary transients undergo dramatic evolution in their X-ray timing and spectral behaviour during outbursts. In recent years a paradigm has arisen in which "soft" X-ray states are associated with an inner disc radius at, or very close to, the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) around the black hole, while in "hard" X-ray states the inner edge of the disc is further from the black hole. Models of advective flows suggest that as the X-ray luminosity drops in hard states, the inner disc progressively recedes, from a few to hundreds gravitational radii. Recent observations which show broad iron line detections and estimates of the disc component strength suggest that a non-recessed disc could still be present in bright hard states. In this study we present a comprehensive analysis of the spectral components associated with the inner disc, utilising data from instruments with sensitive low-energy responses and including reanalyses of previously published results. A key component of the study is to fully estimate systematic uncertainties by e.g. investigating in detail the effect of having a hydrogen column density that is fixed or free to vary. We conclude that for L_x > 0.01 of the Eddington limit, spectral fits allow us to constrain the disc to be < 10R_g. There is, however, clear evidence that when L_x is between 10^-2-- 10^-3 Eddington, the disc does begin to recede. We include measurements of disc radii in two quiescent black hole binaries, and present the inferred evolution of accretion parameters in the entire range of bolometric luminosities 10^-8 -- 1 Eddington. We compare our results with theoretical models and note that the implied rate of disc recession with luminosity is consistent with recent empirical results on the X-ray timing behaviour of black holes of all masses.

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