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arXiv 0903.3802astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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银河系的暗物质晕似乎是不平衡的

The Milky Way's dark matter halo appears to be lopsided

Kanak Saha, Evan S. Levine, Chanda J. Jog, Leo Blitz

摘要:

银河系外围区域(距中心约10 kpc)的氢原子盘可以提供有关暗物质晕结构的有价值的信息。最近来自全天21厘米线LAB测量的外HI盘的3-D厚度图为我们提供了一个独特的机会来详细研究银河系暗物质晕的结构。这项新调查的一个显著特点是原子氢气体厚度图的南北不对称性。假设在银河系总势能下垂直流体静力平衡,我们导出了HI气体的模型厚度图。我们指出,简单的轴对称晕模型,如软化的等温晕(在Vc ~ 220 km/s处产生平坦的旋转曲线)或任何密度下降快于等温晕的晕,都不能解释所观测到的气体厚度的径向变化。我们还表明,这种轴对称晕随着不同的HI速度分散在两半,不能解释所观察到的厚度图中的不对称性。其中的非轴对称模型,它表明,一个纯粹的不平衡(m=1,第一谐波)暗物质晕合理HI速度色散未能解释南北不对称令人满意。然而,我们发现,通过在一个完全不平衡的晕上叠加一个二次谐波(m=2),例如我们的最佳拟合和更可接受的模型A(参数ε h ^{1}=0.2,ε h ^{2}=0.18,σ HI =8.5 km/s),可以提供一个很好的拟合,并自然地再现南北不对称性。新出现的不对称暗物质晕的图像得到了宇宙学N体模拟中形成的ΛCDM晕的支持。

英文摘要:

The atomic hydrogen gas (HI) disk in the outer region (beyond ~10 kpc from the centre) of Milky Way can provide valuable information about the structure of the dark matter halo. The recent 3-D thickness map of the outer HI disk from the all sky 21-cm line LAB survey, gives us a unique opportunity to investigate the structure of the dark matter halo of Milky Way in great detail. A striking feature of this new survey is the North-South asymmetry in the thickness map of the atomic hydrogen gas. Assuming vertical hydrostatic equilibrium under the total potential of the Galaxy, we derive the model thickness map of the HI gas. We show that simple axisymmetric halo models, such as softened isothermal halo (producing a flat rotation curve with V_c ~ 220 km/s) or any halo with density falling faster than the isothermal one, are not able to explain the observed radial variation of the gas thickness. We also show that such axisymmetric halos along with different HI velocity dispersion in the two halves, cannot explain the observed asymmetry in the thickness map. Amongst the non-axisymmetric models, it is shown that a purely lopsided (m=1, first harmonic) dark matter halo with reasonable HI velocity dispersion fails to explain the North-South asymmetry satisfactorily. However, we show that by superposing a second harmonic (m=2) out of phase onto a purely lopsided halo e.g. our best fit and more acceptable model A (with parameters ε_{h}^{1}=0.2, ε_{h}^{2}=0.18 and σ_{HI}=8.5 km/s) can provide an excellent fit to the observation and reproduce the North-South asymmetry naturally. The emerging picture of the asymmetric dark matter halo is supported by the ΛCDM halos formed in the cosmological N-body simulation.

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