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arXiv 0903.2666astro-ph.EPastro-ph.GA
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气态巨行星形成的最后一次喘息:500万年前星团NGC 2362的斯皮策研究

The Last Gasp of Gas Giant Planet Formation: A Spitzer Study of the 5 Myr-old Cluster NGC 2362

Thayne Currie, Charles J. Lada, Peter Plavchan, Thomas Robitaille, Jonathan Irwin, Scott J. Kenyon

摘要:

我们描述了斯皮策IRAC和MIPS对人口众多的500万年前的疏散星团NGC 2362的观测。早期/中间型确认/候选星团成员要么有光球中红外辐射,要么有弱的、光学薄的红外过量辐射,小于24微米,与碎片盘一致。很少有晚型、太阳/亚太阳质量的恒星有原始盘。晚型恒星周围的星盘主要由具有内孔的星盘(典型的“过渡盘”)和“同源耗尽”星盘组成。这两种类型的磁盘代表原始磁盘和碎片磁盘之间的中间阶段。因此,我们发现,多个路径的原基碎片盘过渡存在。我们的研究结果破坏了标准的论点,有利于一个~ 0.01万年的时间尺度的过渡的基础上,从金牛座御夫座的数据和排除标准的紫外光蒸发的情况下,解释过渡的主要机制。结合我们的数据与其他斯皮策调查,我们调查周围的高/中等质量的恒星碎片盘的演变和调查巨型行星形成的时间尺度。如果气盘中的气体和尘埃在相似的时间尺度上演化,那么围绕早期类型的高/中等质量恒星的气体巨行星的形成时间尺度可能是1- 500万年。斯皮策探测到的大多数太阳/亚太阳质量的恒星都有SED,表明它们的盘可能正在积极地离开原始盘阶段。因此,气态巨行星形成也可能在500万年前发生在太阳/亚太阳质量恒星周围。

英文摘要:

(Abridged) We describe Spitzer IRAC and MIPS observations of the populous, 5 Myr-old open cluster NGC 2362. Early/intermediate-type confirmed/candidate cluster members either have photospheric mid-IR emission or weak, optically-thin infrared excess emission at < 24 microns consistent with debris disks. Few late-type, solar/subsolar-mass stars have primordial disks. The disk population around late-type stars is dominated by disks with inner holes (canonical 'transition disks') and 'homologously depleted' disks. Both types of disks represent an intermediate stage between primordial disks and debris disks. Thus, we find that multiple paths for the primordial-to-debris disk transition exist. Our results undermine standard arguments in favor of a ~ 0.01 Myr year timescale for the transition based on data from Taurus-Auriga and rule out standard UV photoevaporation scenarios as the primary mechanism to explain the transition. Combining our data with other Spitzer surveys, we investigate the evolution of debris disks around high/intermediate-mass stars and investigate timescales for giant planet formation. If the gas and dust in disks evolve on similar timescales, the formation timescale for gas giant planets surrounding early-type, high/intermediate-mass stars is likely 1--5 Myr. Most solar/subsolar-mass stars detected by Spitzer have SEDs that indicate their disks may be actively leaving the primordial disk phase. Thus, gas giant planet formation may also occur by 5 Myr around solar/subsolar-mass stars as well.

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