arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2005.12854astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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低重力L型矮星的Spitzer光变特性

Spitzer Variability Properties of Low-Gravity L Dwarfs

Johanna M. Vos, Beth A. Biller, Katelyn N. Allers, Jacqueline K. Faherty, Michael C. Liu, Stanimir Metchev, Simon Eriksson, Elena Manjavacas, Trent J. Dupuy, Ma… 展开作者

Johanna M. Vos, Beth A. Biller, Katelyn N. Allers, Jacqueline K. Faherty, Michael C. Liu, Stanimir Metchev, Simon Eriksson, Elena Manjavacas, Trent J. Dupuy, Markus Janson, Jacqueline Radigan-Hoffman, Ian Crossfield, Mickael Bonnefoy, William M. J. Best, Derek Homeier, Joshua E. Schlieder, Wolfgang Brandner, Thomas Henning, Mariangela Bonavita, Esther Buenzli

摘要:

我们目前的\textit{Spitzer Space Telescope}变化监测观测的三个低重力L矮星与以前的检测变化的近红外线,2 MASS J 0045 +16,2 MASS J 0501 -00和2 MASS J1425-36。我们在我们的两个目标2 MASS J 0045 +16和2 MASS J 0501 -00中检测到显著的周期性变化。我们在2 MASS J1425-36中未检测到变异性。结合新的自转周期和自转速度,分别计算了2 MASS J 0045 +16、2 MASS J 0501 -00和2 MASS J1425-36的$22\pm1^{\circ}$、${60^{+13 }_{-8}} ^{\circ}$和$52^{+19}_{-13}~^{\circ}$的倾角。我们的三个新目标与以前报道的倾角、振幅和颜色异常之间的初步关系是一致的。具有最高变化幅度的对象是倾斜的赤道上,而最大观测幅度随着倾斜角的减小而减小。我们还发现了倾斜角和$(J-K)_{\mathrm{2MASS}}$颜色异常之间的相关性与测量的倾斜对象的样本。编译整个样本的棕矮星与\textit{Spitzer}变化检测,我们发现没有增强振幅的年轻,早期的L型矮星相比,外地侏儒人口。我们发现在$4.5~μ$ m的低重力Late矮星的振幅可能增强。我们没有发现振幅比和光谱类型之间的相关性领域的矮星或年轻的人口。最后,我们编译了一个大样本的棕矮星的旋转周期与年龄1万年至1 Gyr和比较的旋转速率假设角动量守恒的进化模型预测。我们发现,当前样本的棕矮星的自转速率落在进化模型和分裂极限所设定的预期范围内。

英文摘要:

We present \textit{Spitzer Space Telescope} variability monitoring observations of three low-gravity L dwarfs with previous detections of variability in the near-IR, 2MASS J0045+16, 2MASS J0501-00 and 2MASS J1425-36. We detect significant, periodic variability in two of our targets, 2MASS J0045+16 and 2MASS J0501-00. We do not detect variability in 2MASS J1425-36. Combining our new rotation periods with rotational velocities, we calculate inclination angles of $22\pm1^{\circ}$, ${60^{+13 }_{-8}} ^{\circ}$ and $52^{+19}_{-13}~^{\circ}$ for 2MASS J0045+16, 2MASS J0501-00 and 2MASS J1425-36 respectively. Our three new objects are consistent with the tentative relations between inclination, amplitude and color anomaly previously reported. Objects with the highest variability amplitudes are inclined equator-on, while the maximum observed amplitude decreases as the inclination angle decreases. We also find a correlation between the inclination angle and $(J-K)_{\mathrm{2MASS}}$ color anomaly for the sample of objects with measured inclinations. Compiling the entire sample of brown dwarfs with \textit{Spitzer} variability detections, we find no enhancement in amplitude for young, early-L dwarfs compared to the field dwarf population. We find a possible enhancement in amplitude of low-gravity late-L dwarfs at $4.5~μ$m. We do not find a correlation between amplitude ratio and spectral type for field dwarfs or for the young population. Finally, we compile the rotation periods of a large sample of brown dwarfs with ages 1 Myr to 1 Gyr and compare the rotation rates predicted by evolutionary models assuming angular momentum conservation. We find that the rotation rates of the current sample of brown dwarfs fall within the expected range set by evolutionary models and breakup limits.

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