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arXiv 0902.2794astro-ph.COastro-ph.HE
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SN 2008 ha:一颗极低光度和极低能量的超新星

SN 2008ha: An Extremely Low Luminosity and Extremely Low Energy Supernova

Ryan J. Foley, Ryan Chornock, Alexei V. Filippenko, Mohan Ganeshalingam, Robert P. Kirshner, Weidong Li, S. Bradley Cenko, Pete Challis, Andrew S. Friedman, Mar… 展开作者

Ryan J. Foley, Ryan Chornock, Alexei V. Filippenko, Mohan Ganeshalingam, Robert P. Kirshner, Weidong Li, S. Bradley Cenko, Pete Challis, Andrew S. Friedman, Maryam Modjaz, Jeffrey M. Silverman, W. Michael Wood-Vasey

摘要:

我们目前的紫外,光学和近红外测光以及特殊的超新星(SN)2008公顷的光谱。SN 2008 ha的峰值亮度很低,只有M_V = -14.2等,接近最大亮度时的线速度也很低,只有约2000 km/s,表明单位质量喷出物的动能很小。在光谱上,SN 2008 ha是SN 2002 cx类超新星的成员,而后者是超新星Ia的一个特殊子类;然而,SN 2008 ha是最极端的成员,比典型的成员暗2等,线速度比正常的超新星Ia小5000 km/s(接近最大亮度)。SN 2008 ha的上升时间非常短,只有10天左右,比SN 2002 cx类天体(15天左右)或正常的SNe Ia(19.5天左右)都要短。SN 2008 ha的辐射热光度曲线表明SN 2008 ha的峰值为L_peak =(9.5 +/- 1.4)x 10^40尔格/秒,这使得SN 2008 ha可能是观测到的最不亮的SN。根据它的峰值亮度和上升时间,我们推断SN 2008 ha产生了(3.0 +/- 0.9)x 10^-3 M太阳的56 Ni,具有约2 x 10 ^48尔格的动能,并喷射出0.15 M太阳的物质。我们对SN 2002 CX类的三个新成员(和一个潜在成员)进行分类,将样本扩展到14个(和一个潜在成员)。这类星系的主星系形态分布与超新星Ia、Ib、Ic和II一致。几个产生低光度超新星的模型可以解释SN 2008 ha的观测结果;然而,如果一个单一的模型要描述所有的SN 2002 cx类天体,要么是Ne-Mg白矮星的电子捕获导致核心坍缩,要么是C-O白矮星的爆燃,SN 2008 ha是部分爆燃,而不是分离祖星,都是首选。节录。

英文摘要:

We present ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared photometry as well as optical spectra of the peculiar supernova (SN) 2008ha. SN 2008ha had a very low peak luminosity, reaching only M_V = -14.2 mag, and low line velocities of only ~2000 km/s near maximum brightness, indicating a very small kinetic energy per unit mass of ejecta. Spectroscopically, SN 2008ha is a member of the SN 2002cx-like class of SNe, a peculiar subclass of SNe Ia; however, SN 2008ha is the most extreme member, being significantly fainter and having lower line velocities than the typical member, which is already ~2 mag fainter and has line velocities ~5000 km/s smaller (near maximum brightness) than a normal SN Ia. SN 2008ha had a remarkably short rise time of only ~10 days, significantly shorter than either SN 2002cx-like objects (~15 days) or normal SNe Ia (~19.5 days). The bolometric light curve of SN 2008ha indicates that SN 2008ha peaked at L_peak = (9.5 +/- 1.4) x 10^40 ergs/s, making SN 2008ha perhaps the least luminous SN ever observed. From its peak luminosity and rise time, we infer that SN 2008ha generated (3.0 +/- 0.9) x 10^-3 M_sun of 56Ni, had a kinetic energy of ~2 x 10^48 ergs, and ejected 0.15 M_sun of material. We classify three new (and one potential) members of the SN 2002cx-like class, expanding the sample to 14 (and one potential) members. The host-galaxy morphology distribution of the class is consistent with that of SNe Ia, Ib, Ic, and II. Several models for generating low-luminosity SNe can explain the observations of SN 2008ha; however, if a single model is to describe all SN 2002cx-like objects, either electron capture in Ne-Mg white dwarfs causing a core collapse, or deflagration of C-O white dwarfs with SN 2008ha being a partial deflagration and not unbinding the progenitor star, are preferred. Abridged.

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