Ia型超新星光度标准化过程的强烈祖先年龄依赖性的证据
Evidence for strong progenitor age dependence of type Ia supernova luminosity standardization process
摘要：
超新星（SN）宇宙学是基于Ia型SN光度标准化中的宽度-光度关系（WLR）和颜色-光度关系（XLR）不随祖星年龄而显示{绝对星等差}的假设。与这种预期不同的是，最近对宿主星系中恒星星族的年龄测定表明，祖星年龄与哈勃残差（HR）之间存在显着的相关性。在这里，我们表明，这种相关性起源于一个强大的祖先的年龄依赖的零点的WLR和ESTA，在这个意义上说，SNe从年轻的祖先是微弱的每个在给定的光曲线参数$x_1$和$c$。这个$4.6σ$结果让人想起Baade发现的造父变星周期光度关系随年龄的零点变化，因此，在SN宇宙学中引起了严重的红移系统偏差。其他主机属性在同一数据集的WLR和WLR中显示出显著较小且不显著的偏移。我们说明，之间的差异高- $z$和低- $z$ SNe的WLR和WLR，并在HR标准化后，是完全可比的，相应的年轻和年老的SNe之间的中间红移，这表明所观察到的暗SNe与红移很可能是一个人工制品的亮度标准化的过度校正。当适当地考虑到这种红移的系统性偏差时，几乎没有证据表明宇宙在加速，这与其他探测器不一致，敦促在不同的红移箱中使用更大的样本进行后续调查。
英文摘要：
Supernova (SN) cosmology is based on the assumption that the width-luminosity relation (WLR) and the color-luminosity relation (CLR) in the type Ia SN luminosity standardization would not show {absolute magnitude differences} with progenitor age. Unlike this expectation, recent age datings of stellar populations in host galaxies have shown significant correlations between progenitor age and Hubble residual (HR). Here we show that this correlation originates from a strong progenitor age dependence of the zero-points of the WLR and the CLR, in the sense that SNe from younger progenitors are fainter each at given light-curve parameters $x_1$ and $c$. This $4.6σ$ result is reminiscent of Baade's discovery of the zero-point variation of the Cepheid period-luminosity relation with age, and, as such, causes a serious systematic bias with redshift in SN cosmology. Other host properties show substantially smaller and insignificant offsets in the WLR and CLR for the same dataset. We illustrate that the differences between the high-$z$ and low-$z$ SNe in the WLR and CLR, and in HR after the standardization, are fully comparable to those between the correspondingly young and old SNe at intermediate redshift, indicating that the observed dimming of SNe with redshift may well be an artifact of over-correction in the luminosity standardization. When this systematic bias with redshift is properly taken into account, there is little evidence left for an accelerating universe, in discordance with other probes, urging the follow-up investigations with larger samples at different redshift bins.
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