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arXiv 0902.0159gr-qc
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宇宙时空中的引力反反应

Gravitational backreaction in cosmological spacetimes

Charis Anastopoulos

摘要:

我们发展了一种新的形式主义的宇宙学背景下的引力反作用的治疗。该方法的灵感来自非平衡统计力学中的投影技术。我们采用组平均相对于各向同性组的均匀和各向同性时空(而不是空间平均)的行动,以定义有效的FRW变量的一般时空。使用哈密顿形式主义的引力完美的流体,我们得到一组方程的演化的有效变量,这些方程将反反应的影响的不均匀性。专门充满灰尘的时空,我们发现制度,导致一个封闭的一组反反应方程,我们解决小的不均匀性。然后,我们研究的情况下,大的不均匀性的建议,逆反应可以导致加速膨胀。特别是,我们确定的引力状态空间的区域,对应于有效的宇宙加速度。必要条件是:(i)对应于同动观测器的同余的强展开,以及(ii)出现在有效方程中的耗散变量的大负值(即有效的“反耗散”)。

英文摘要:

We develop a new formalism for the treatment of gravitational backreaction in the cosmological setting. The approach is inspired by projective techniques in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. We employ group-averaging with respect to the action of the isotropy group of homogeneous and isotropic spacetimes (rather than spatial averaging), in order to define effective FRW variables for a generic spacetime. Using the Hamiltonian formalism for gravitating perfect fluids, we obtain a set of equations for the evolution of the effective variables; these equations incorporate the effects of backreaction by the inhomogeneities. Specializing to dust-filled spacetimes, we find regimes that lead to a closed set of backreaction equations, which we solve for small inhomogeneities. We then study the case of large inhomogeneities in relation to the proposal that backreaction can lead to accelerated expansion. In particular, we identify regions of the gravitational state space that correspond to effective cosmic acceleration. Necessary conditions are (i) a strong expansion of the congruences corresponding to comoving observers, and (ii) a large negative value of a dissipation variable that appears in the effective equations (i.e, an effective "anti-dissipation").

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