我们从斯隆数字巡天中选取了70378个0<z<0.36的E/S 0(早期型)星系样本,不包括盘状星系和恒星形成星系。我们直接从SDSS DR 6光谱中估计观测者和静止帧中的g和r幅度;这提供了对k校正的逐对象估计。我们使用从光谱的k-校正研究的演变的静止帧的颜色-星等关系(CMR)和颜色-西格玛(速度色散)关系(CsigmaR)。演化对k校正非常敏感。CMR和CsigmaR都随着红移的增加而向蓝方向发展,大约与被动演化模型一致。12 Gyr。CMR的斜率和零点取决于颜色是在固定的物理孔径还是角度孔径中定义的,这是因为这些物体的中心往往更红:固定角度孔径的关系更陡峭。另一方面,CsigmaR斜率没有显示出对定义颜色的孔径的这种依赖性,这表明颜色梯度与来自sigma-M_r关系的残差相关。由于这些残差是年龄指标,我们的研究结果表明颜色梯度与恒星星族的年龄相关。
英文摘要:
We select a sample of 70378 E/S0 (early-type) galaxies at 0<z<0.36 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, excluding disk and star-forming galaxies. We estimate g and r magnitudes in the observer- and rest-frames directly from the SDSS DR6 spectra; this provides an object-by-object estimate of the k-correction. We use the k-corrections from the spectra to study the evolution of the rest-frame colour-magnitude relation (CMR) and colour-sigma (velocity dispersion) relation (CsigmaR). The evolution is very sensitive to the k-correction. Both the CMR and CsigmaR evolve blueward with increasing redshift, approximately in agreement with passive evolution models with age approx. 12 Gyr. The slope and zero-point of the CMR depend on whether colours were defined in fixed physical or angular apertures, a consequence of the fact that the centers of these objects tend to be redder: the relation is steeper for fixed angular apertures. One the other hand, the CsigmaR slope does not show this dependence on the aperture in which the colour was defined, suggesting that colour gradients are correlated with residuals from the sigma-M_r relation. As these residuals are age indicators, our findings suggest that colour gradients correlate with the age of the stellar population.
Colour Gradients and the Colour-Magnitude Relation: Different Properties of Brightest Cluster Galaxies and E/S0 Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Groups of two galaxies in SDSS: implications of colours on star formation quenching time-scales
我们设计了一种方法来选择星系孤立在其暗物质晕(N=1系统)和星系居住在一组正好两个(N=2系统)。我们的N=2系统是广泛分离的(高达$\sim$\,200\,$h^{-1}$ \,kpc),其中紧密的星系-星系相互作用不是主导的。我们应用我们的选择标准,从SDSS DR 6的两个体积有限的星系样本与$M_{r}-5 \log_{10} h \leq$ -19和-20研究的环境非常稀疏的星系群对星系颜色的影响。对于两个卫星星系,我们发现,相对于相同恒星质量的孤立星系,-19和-20样本的恒星形成猝灭红过量分别为0.15\,$\pm$\,0.01和0.14\,$\pm$\,0.01。假设N=1个系统是N=2个系统的祖先,一个立即快速恒星形成猝灭的场景与这些观测结果不一致。对于-19和-20样品,延迟时间分别为3.3和3.7 μ Gyr的延迟然后快速恒星形成猝灭方案产生了与观测一致的红色过量预测。观测结果还表明,相对于相同恒星质量的N=1星族,两个星系组成的星系群中的中央星系在-19和-20样本中分别有0.06\,$\pm$\,0.02和0.02\,$\pm$\,0.01的蓝色过剩。我们的研究结果表明,即使是非常稀疏的发光星系群的环境也会影响星系的演化,对这些简单系统的深入研究是理解星系演化的重要一步。
The bright end of the colour-magnitude relation of cluster galaxies
利用星系形成的半解析模型研究了团星系红序的发展。结果表明,在早型星系中,模拟的RS的总趋势与观测的关系之间有很好的一致性。然而,最明亮的星系($M_V \lesssim -20$)偏离了观测数据的线性拟合,显示出几乎恒定的颜色。我们分析了不同过程(即,静止恒星形成、盘不稳定性和合并),发现自$z\approx 2$以来,亮端的演化主要由次要和主要干合并驱动。由于最明亮的星系年龄分布很窄($1.0\times 10^{10}$ yr $<t<1.2\times 10^{10}$ yr),它们的金属丰度是影响它们颜色的主要因素。由于星系内恒星形成和合并卫星吸积所提供的恒星和金属质量的竞争,亮端的Galerkin达到金属丰度的上限。大质量星系(M_ \star \gtrsim 10^{10} M_{\odot} $) contribute with stellar components of high metallicity, but this fraction of stellar mass is negligible. Mergers contribute with a larger fraction of stellar mass ($ \approx 10-20 $ per cent), but the metallicity of the accreted satellites…
Comparison of the VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey with the Munich semi-analytical model - I. Magnitude counts, redshift distribution, colour bimodality, and galaxy clustering