利用星系形成的半解析模型研究了团星系红序的发展。结果表明,在早型星系中,模拟的RS的总趋势与观测的关系之间有很好的一致性。然而,最明亮的星系($M_V \lesssim -20$)偏离了观测数据的线性拟合,显示出几乎恒定的颜色。我们分析了不同过程(即,静止恒星形成、盘不稳定性和合并),发现自$z\approx 2$以来,亮端的演化主要由次要和主要干合并驱动。由于最明亮的星系年龄分布很窄($1.0\times 10^{10}$ yr $<t<1.2\times 10^{10}$ yr),它们的金属丰度是影响它们颜色的主要因素。由于星系内恒星形成和合并卫星吸积所提供的恒星和金属质量的竞争,亮端的Galerkin达到金属丰度的上限。大质量星系(M_ \star \gtrsim 10^{10} M_{\odot} $) contribute with stellar components of high metallicity, but this fraction of stellar mass is negligible. Mergers contribute with a larger fraction of stellar mass ($ \approx 10-20 $ per cent), but the metallicity of the accreted satellites is lower by $ \approx)中的恒星形成活动比它们合并的星系的平均金属丰度高0.2$ dex。干合并的效果是增加亮端星系的质量,而不会显著改变它们的金属丰度,因此,它们的颜色,引起RS的断裂。这些结果被发现与不同的维里质量的集群,支持与观测结果一致的CMR的普遍性的想法。
英文摘要:
We investigate the development of the red sequence (RS) of cluster galaxies by using a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation. Results show good agreement between the general trend of the simulated RS and the observed relation in early-type galaxies. However, the most luminous galaxies ($M_V \lesssim -20$) depart from the linear fit to observed data, displaying almost constant colours. We analyze the dependence with redshift of the fraction of stellar mass contributed to each galaxy by different processes (i.e., quiescent star formation, disc instability and mergers), finding that the evolution of the bright end, since $z\approx 2$, is mainly driven by minor and major dry mergers. Since the most luminous galaxies have a narrow spread in ages ($1.0\times 10^{10}$ yr $<t<1.2\times 10^{10}$ yr), their metallicities are the main factor that affects their colours. Galaxies in the bright end reach an upper limit in metallicity as a result of the competition of the mass of stars and metals provided by the star formation within the galaxies and by the accretion of merging satellites. Star formation activity in massive galaxies (M_\star \gtrsim 10^{10} M_{\odot}$) contribute with stellar components of high metallicity, but this fraction of stellar mass is negligible. Mergers contribute with a larger fraction of stellar mass ($\approx 10-20$ per cent), but the metallicity of the accreted satellites is lower by $\approx 0.2$ dex than the mean metallicity of galaxies they merge with. The effect of dry mergers is to increase the mass of galaxies in the bright end, without significantly altering their metallicities, and hence,their colours, giving rise to the break in the RS. These results are found for clusters with different virial masses, supporting the idea of the universality of the CMR in agreement with observational results.
Colour Gradients and the Colour-Magnitude Relation: Different Properties of Brightest Cluster Galaxies and E/S0 Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Spectral-based k-corrections and implications for the colour-magnitude relation of E/S0s and its evolution
我们从斯隆数字巡天中选取了70378个0<z<0.36的E/S 0(早期型)星系样本,不包括盘状星系和恒星形成星系。我们直接从SDSS DR 6光谱中估计观测者和静止帧中的g和r幅度;这提供了对k校正的逐对象估计。我们使用从光谱的k-校正研究的演变的静止帧的颜色-星等关系(CMR)和颜色-西格玛(速度色散)关系(CsigmaR)。演化对k校正非常敏感。CMR和CsigmaR都随着红移的增加而向蓝方向发展,大约与被动演化模型一致。12 Gyr。CMR的斜率和零点取决于颜色是在固定的物理孔径还是角度孔径中定义的,这是因为这些物体的中心往往更红:固定角度孔径的关系更陡峭。另一方面,CsigmaR斜率没有显示出对定义颜色的孔径的这种依赖性,这表明颜色梯度与来自sigma-M_r关系的残差相关。由于这些残差是年龄指标,我们的研究结果表明颜色梯度与恒星星族的年龄相关。
The properties of Brightest Cluster Galaxies in the SDSS DR6 adaptive matched filter cluster catalogue
我们研究了基于自适应匹配滤波器技术(AMF,Szabo等人,2010年)。我们的样本包括超过14300个星系的红移范围为0.1-0.3。我们测试的目录显示,它包括著名的BCGs在于SDSS足迹。我们的特征BCGs的r-波段光度和光学颜色,以及它们的红移趋势。特别是,我们定义和研究的蓝色BCGs的分数,即那些可能会错过基于颜色的聚类调查和目录。较富裕的集群往往有更明亮的BCG,但不那么占主导地位,比穷人的系统。我们的BCG中有4-9%的BCG在g-r色上至少比红序列在它们给定的红移上蓝0.3等。对于丰度高于50的簇,这样的分数降低到1-6%,其中3%的BCGs低于红色序列0.5等。初步的形态学研究表明,在较低的丰度蓝色部分的增加可能有一个不可忽视的贡献,从螺旋星系。我们表明,基于g-r红色序列或基于颜色u-r >2.2的切割的颜色选择可能导致错过大多数这样的蓝色BCGs。我们还将颜色分析扩展到紫外线范围,将我们的产品目录与Galex GR 4和GR 5的公开数据进行交叉匹配。我们显示了一个明确的相关性从光学红色序列的偏移量和紫外线过量。最后,我们将我们的目录与ACCEPT聚类样本(Cavagnolo等人,2009),并发现蓝色BCGs倾向于在低熵和短冷却时间的集群中。也就是说,蓝光可能是由于最近的恒星形成与冷却流提供的气体有关。(节略)