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arXiv 0901.3447astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA
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大质量黑洞对小天体的潮汐效应

Tidal effects on small bodies by massive black holes

U. Kostic, A. Cadez, M. Calvani, A. Gomboc

摘要:

位于银河系中心的紧凑射电源人马座A(Sgr A)拥有一个超大质量黑洞,其质量已通过恒星轨道运动测量。因此,Sgr A是最近的实验室,可以在那里测试超大质量黑洞天体物理学,并可以调查黑洞的环境。由于它不是一个活动星系核,它也提供了观测捕获可能绕中心黑洞运行的小物体的可能性。我们研究了黑洞的强引力场对小天体,如彗星或小行星的影响。我们还探讨了这样一种观点,即在Sgr A中检测到的耀斑可能是由质量为10 ^20 g的单个致密天体的最终吸积产生的,它们的时间不是源的特征,而是它们在其中运动的中央星系黑洞的时空特征。我们发现,潮汐效应是强大到足以融化的固体对象,目前的计算的时间演化的光变曲线的下落物体作为各种参数的函数。我们的潮汐破裂模型表明,在潮汐挤压,同步辐射的条件可以满足。我们证明了耀斑的光变曲线可以从黑洞周围测地线轨道的动力学性质推导出来,并且它仅微弱地依赖于源的物理性质。

英文摘要:

The compact radio source Sagittarius A (Sgr A) at the centre of our Galaxy harbours a supermassive black hole, whose mass has been measured from stellar orbital motions. Sgr A is therefore the nearest laboratory where super-massive black hole astrophysics can be tested, and the environment of black holes can be investigated. Since it is not an active galactic nucleus, it also offers the possibility of observing the capture of small objects that may orbit the central black hole. We study the effects of the strong gravitational field of the black hole on small objects, such as a comet or an asteroid. We also explore the idea that the flares detected in Sgr A might be produced by the final accretion of single, dense objects with mass of the order of 10^20 g, and that their timing is not a characteristic of the sources, but rather of the space-time of the central galactic black hole in which they are moving. We find that tidal effects are strong enough to melt the solid object, and present calculations of the temporal evolution of the light curve of infalling objects as a function of various parameters. Our modelling of tidal disruption suggests that during tidal squeezing, the conditions for synchrotron radiation can be met. We show that the light curve of a flare can be deduced from dynamical properties of geodesic orbits around black holes and that it depends only weakly on the physical properties of the source.

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