大质量黑洞对恒星的相对论性潮汐压缩
Relativistic tidal compressions of a star by a massive black hole
摘要：
目的：我们研究了恒星煎饼机制，在此过程中，太阳型恒星在其轨道平面内经过接近10^6太阳质量的黑洞时发生潮汐变平。我们模拟了相对论正交压缩过程，并跟踪了相关的激波形成。方法：考虑在非旋转黑洞相对论引力场运动的一维恒星流体动力学模型。为了正确地再现激波剖面，使用Godunov型激波捕获源分裂方法对模型进行了数值求解。结果如下：模拟证实，时空曲率可以引起几个连续的正交压缩的恒星，从而产生几个强大的冲击波。冲击波最终逃离恒星，并反复将恒星表面加热到高能量值。有趣的是，这样的冲击加热可以通过硬X射线或软伽马射线暴的发射，提供一个强烈破坏性的恒星-黑洞相遇的直接观测信号。这样一个过程的时间尺度和能量是一致的一些观察到的事件，如GRB 970815。
英文摘要：
Aims: We investigate the stellar pancake mechanism during which a solar-type star is tidally flattened within its orbital plane passing close to a 10^6 solar masses black hole. We simulate the relativistic orthogonal compression process and follow the associated shock waves formation. Methods: We consider a one-dimensional hydrodynamical stellar model moving in the relativistic gravitational field of a non-rotating black hole. The model is numerically solved using a Godunov-type shock-capturing source-splitting method in order to correctly reproduce the shock waves profiles. Results: Simulations confirm that the space-time curvature can induce several successive orthogonal compressions of the star which give rise to several strong shock waves. The shock waves finally escape from the star and repeatedly heat up the stellar surface to high energy values. Such a shock-heating could interestingly provide a direct observational signature of strongly disruptive star - black hole encounters through the emission of hard X or soft gamma-ray bursts. Timescales and energies of such a process are consistent with some observed events such as GRB 970815.
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