One of the main challenges in building a large scale publish-subscribe infrastructure in an enterprise network, is to provide the subscribers with the required information, while minimizing the consumed host and network resources. Typically, previous approaches utilize either IP multicast or point-to-point unicast for efficient dissemination of the information.
In this work, we propose a novel hybrid framework, which is a combination of both multicast and unicast data dissemination. Our hybrid framework allows us to take the advantages of both multicast and unicast, while avoiding their drawbacks. We investigate several algorithms for computing the best mapping of publishers' transmissions into multicast and unicast transport.
Using extensive simulations, we show that our hybrid framework reduces consumed host and network resources, outperforming traditional solutions. To insure the subscribers interests closely resemble those of real-world settings, our simulations are based on stock market data and on recorded IBM WebShpere subscriptions.
This paper investigates rate-splitting (RS) precoding for non-orthogonal unicast and multicast (NOUM) transmissions using fully-digital and hybrid precoders. We study the nonconvex weighted sum-rate (WSR) maximization problem subject to a multicast requirement. We propose FALCON, an approach based on sequential parametric optimization, to solve the aforementioned problem. We show that FALCON converges to a local optimum without requiring judicious selection of an initial feasible point. Besides, we show through simulations that by leveraging RS, hybrid precoders can attain nearly the same perf…
York University（约克大学）；Thompson Rivers University（汤普森河大学）
This paper investigates the problem of minimizing the age-of-information (AoI) and transmit power consumption in a vehicular network, where a roadside unit (RSU) provides timely updates about a set of physical processes to vehicles. Each vehicle is interested in maintaining the freshness of its information status about one or more physical processes. A framework is proposed to optimize the decisions to unicast, multicast, broadcast, or not transmit updates to vehicles as well as power allocations to minimize the AoI and the RSU's power consumption over a time horizon. The formulated problem is…
Unicast and Multicast Qos Routing with Soft Constraint Logic Programming
Università di Chieti-Pescara（基耶蒂-佩斯卡拉大学）；Institute for Informatics and Telematics（信息学与电信学研究所）；Università di Pisa（比萨大学）；Università di Padova（帕多瓦大学）；IMT - Institute for Advanced Studies（IMT高等研究院）
Multicast is an efficient way to realize one-to-many group communications in large-scale networks such as the Internet. However, the deployment of IP multicast services over the Internet has not been as rapid as expected and needed. Excepting the fatal defects in designing IPv4 address structure. Another main reason that contributes to this slow deployment is the lack of carrier-grade multicast-enabled switches and routers that can be as to scale as their unicast counterparts. Implementing a high-performance switch/router relies on a polynomial-time group membership query algorithm within the …
Recently, video broadcast/multicast over wireless networks has created a significant interest in the field of wireless communication. However, the wireless resources have limitations to broadcast/multicast many video sessions at the same time with the best quality. Hence, during the video transmission through wireless networks, it is very important to make the best utilization of the limited bandwidth. When the system bandwidth is not sufficient to allocate the demanded bandwidth for all of the active broadcasting/multicasting video sessions, instead of allocating equal bandwidth to each of th…
This paper proposes the HPIM-DM (Hard-state Protocol Independent Multicast - Dense Mode) multicast routing protocol. HPIM-DM is a hard-state version of PIM-DM that keeps its main characteristics but has faster convergence and better resilience to replay attacks. Like PIM-DM, HPIM-DM is meant for dense networks and supports its operation on a unicast routing protocol and reverse path forwarding checks. However, routers maintain sense of the multicast trees at all times, allowing fast reconfiguration in the presence of network failures or unicast route changes. This is achieved by (i) keeping in…
An optical circuit-switched network core has the potential to overcome the inherent challenges of a conventional electrical packet-switched core of today's compute clusters. As optical circuit switches (OCS) directly handle the photon beams without any optical-electrical-optical (O/E/O) conversion and packet processing, OCS-based network cores have the following desirable properties: a) agnostic to data-rate, b) negligible/zero power consumption, c) no need of transceivers, d) negligible forwarding latency, and e) no need for frequent upgrade. Unfortunately, OCS can only provide point-to-point…
Although Software-Defined Networking (SDN) enables flexible network resource allocations for traffic engineering, current literature mostly focuses on unicast communications. Compared to traffic engineering for multiple unicast flows, multicast traffic engineering for multiple trees is very challenging not only because minimizing the bandwidth consumption of a single multicast tree by solving the Steiner tree problem is already NP-Hard, but the Steiner tree problem does not consider the link capacity constraint for multicast flows and node capacity constraint to store the forwarding entries in…
We present Elmo, a system that addresses the multicast scalability problem in multi-tenant data centers. Modern cloud applications frequently exhibit one-to-many communication patterns and, at the same time, require sub-millisecond latencies and high throughput. IP multicast can achieve these requirements but has control- and data-plane scalability limitations that make it challenging to offer it as a service for hundreds of thousands of tenants, typical of cloud environments. Tenants, therefore, must rely on unicast-based approaches (e.g., application-layer or overlay-based) to support multic…
With the rapid growth of services that stream to groups of users comes an increased importance of and demand for reliable multicast. In this paper, we turn to software-defined networking and develop a novel general-purpose multi-failure protection algorithm to provide quick failure recovery, via Fast Failover (FF) groups, for dynamic multicast groups. This extends previous research, which either could not realize fast failover, worked only for single link failures, or was only applicable to static multicast groups. However, while FF is know to be fast, it requires pre-installing back-up rules.…
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has defined based on the Long Term Evolution (LTE) enhanced Multicast Broadcast Multimedia Service (eMBMS) a set of new features to support the distribution of Terrestrial Broadcast services in Release 14. On the other hand, a new 5th Generation (5G) system architecture and radio access technology, 5G New Radio (NR), are being standardised from Release 15 onwards, which so far have only focused on unicast connectivity. This may change in Release 17 given a new Work Item set to specify basic Radio Access Network (RAN) functionalities for the provisi…
Application layer multicast (ALM) also called Overlay Multicast, is an attractive alternative solution to most of the problems associated with IP multicast. In ALM, multicast-related functionalities are moved to end-hosts. Application layer multicast builds a peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay topology consisting of end-to-end unicast connections between end-hosts. The key advantages, overlays offer, are flexibility, adaptability and ease of deployment [1]. The general approach to build an application layer multicast architecture involves tracking network characteristics and building appropriate topol…
Multicast communication plays a crucial role in Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs). MANETs provide low cost, self configuring devices for multimedia data communication in military battlefield scenarios, disaster and public safety networks (PSN). Multicast communication improves the network performance in terms of bandwidth consumption, battery power and routing overhead as compared to unicast for same volume of data communication. In recent past, a number of multicast routing protocols (MRPs) have been proposed that tried to resolve issues and challenges in MRP. Multicast based group communication…
Distributed computing networks, tasked with both packet transmission and processing, require the joint optimization of communication and computation resources. We develop a dynamic control policy that determines both routes and processing locations for packets upon their arrival at a distributed computing network. The proposed policy, referred to as Universal Computing Network Control (UCNC), guarantees that packets i) are processed by a specified chain of service functions, ii) follow cycle-free routes between consecutive functions, and iii) are delivered to their corresponding set of destina…
The multi-copy routing paradigm in Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) implies that increasing contact bandwidth leads to a decrease in data delivery delay and an improvement in throughput. With Hybrid Radio Frequency/Free Space Optical (RF/FSO) PHY layers, the high data rate FSO links can be used to increase the contact bandwidth. However, due to the highly directional nature of FSO links, broadcasting is difficult. A naive broadcast strategy where the beam divergence angle is increased to include many nodes in the broadcast set results in low data rate, and does not always result in the minimum a…
Several organizations have built multiple datacenters connected via dedicated wide area networks over which large inter-datacenter transfers take place. This includes tremendous volumes of bulk multicast traffic generated as a result of data and content replication. Although one can perform these transfers using a single multicast forwarding tree, that can lead to poor performance as the slowest receiver on each tree dictates the completion time for all receivers. Using multiple trees per transfer each connected to a subset of receivers alleviates this concern. The choice of multicast trees al…
In this paper, we propose a solution to the distributed topology formation problem for large-scale sensor networks with multi-source multicast flows. The proposed solution is based on game-theoretic approaches in conjunction with network coding. The proposed algorithm requires significantly low computational complexity, while it is known as NP-hard to find an optimal topology for network coding deployed multi-source multicast flows. In particular, we formulate the problem of distributed network topology formation as a network formation game by considering the nodes in the network as players th…
We consider a network where strategic agents, who are contesting for allocation of resources, are divided into fixed groups. The network control protocol is such that within each group agents get to share the resource and across groups they contest for it. A prototypical example is the allocation of data rate on a network with multicast/multirate architecture. Compared to the unicast architecture (which is a special case), the multicast/multirate architecture can result in substantial bandwidth savings. However, design of a market mechanism in such a scenario requires dealing with both private…
We consider the problem of minimizing age of information in multihop wireless networks and propose three classes of policies to solve the problem - stationary randomized, age difference, and age debt. For the unicast setting with fixed routes between each source-destination pair, we first develop a procedure to find age optimal Stationary Randomized policies. These policies are easy to implement and allow us to derive closed-form expression for average AoI. Next, for the same unicast setting, we develop a class of heuristic policies, called Age Difference, based on the idea that if neighboring…
Emerging distributed cloud architectures, e.g., fog and mobile edge computing, are playing an increasingly important role in the efficient delivery of real-time stream-processing applications (also referred to as augmented information services), such as industrial automation and metaverse experiences (e.g., extended reality, immersive gaming). While such applications require processed streams to be shared and simultaneously consumed by multiple users/devices, existing technologies lack efficient mechanisms to deal with their inherent multicast nature, leading to unnecessary traffic redundancy …
A cross-layer cognitive radio system is designed to support unicast and multicast traffic with integration of dynamic spectrum access (DSA), backpressure algorithm, and network coding for multi-hop networking. The full protocol stack that operates with distributed coordination and local information exchange is implemented with software-defined radios (SDRs) and assessed in a realistic test and evaluation (T\&E) system based on a network emulation testbed. Without a common control channel, each SDR performs neighborhood discovery, spectrum sensing and channel estimation, and executes a distribu…
We consider the problem of minimizing age of information in general single-hop and multihop wireless networks. First, we formulate a way to convert AoI optimization problems into equivalent network stability problems. Then, we propose a heuristic low complexity approach for achieving stability that can handle general network topologies; unicast, multicast and broadcast flows; interference constraints; link reliabilities; and AoI cost functions. We provide numerical results to show that our proposed algorithms behave as well as the best known scheduling and routing schemes available in the lite…
Satellite networks are booming to provide high-speed and low latency Internet access, but the transport layer becomes one of the main obstacles. Legacy end-to-end TCP is designed for terrestrial networks, not suitable for error-prone, propagation delay varying, and intermittent satellite links. It is necessary to make a clean-slate design for the satellite transport layer. This paper introduces a novel Information-centric Hop-by-Hop transport layer design, INTCP. It carries out hop-by-hop packets retransmission and hop-by-hop congestion control with the help of cache and request-response model…
