P3FA：低出口扩散的统一单播/组播转发
P3FA: Unified Unicast/Multicast Forwarding with Low Egress Diversities
摘要：
组播是在Internet这样的大规模网络中实现一对多组通信的有效方法。然而，IP多播服务在因特网上的部署并没有像预期和需要的那样迅速。排除了IPv4地址结构设计中的致命缺陷。造成这种缓慢部署的另一个主要原因是缺乏运营商级的支持多播的交换机和路由器，这些交换机和路由器可以像单播交换机和路由器一样扩展。实现高性能交换机/路由器依赖于分组转发引擎（PFE）中的多项式时间组成员查询算法来确定是否通过出口转发分组。其中，基于布隆过滤器（BF）和基于余数系统（RNS）的成员查询算法被认为是两种代表。然而，这两种方法都有一些致命的弱点，如空间和时间效率低下，特别是对于具有高端口密度特征的电信级PFE。根据素数定理的类似性质，本文提出了一种简化的转发方案，称为每端口素数过滤器阵列（P3 FA）。仿真结果表明，P3 FA可以显着提高空间效率在特定的低出口扩散条件下。在相同的空间约束条件下，在端口密度为16-1024的范围内，P3 FA的组播时间效率和单播时间效率分别比SVRF提高了12倍~ 17234倍和19倍~ 2038倍，但代价是硬件成本增加了\r{ho} /2倍。一个PFE设计者，试图采用P3 FA应该权衡所需的性能和成本。
英文摘要：
Multicast is an efficient way to realize one-to-many group communications in large-scale networks such as the Internet. However, the deployment of IP multicast services over the Internet has not been as rapid as expected and needed. Excepting the fatal defects in designing IPv4 address structure. Another main reason that contributes to this slow deployment is the lack of carrier-grade multicast-enabled switches and routers that can be as to scale as their unicast counterparts. Implementing a high-performance switch/router relies on a polynomial-time group membership query algorithm within the Packet Forwarding Engines (PFEs) to determine whether or not a packet is forwarded through an egress. Among these, Bloom filter (BF)-based and Residue Number System (RNS)-based are being considered as two representations of the membership query algorithms. However, both approaches suffer from some fatal weaknesses such as space and time inefficiencies, especially for a carrier-grade PFE with high port-density features. According to similar properties of the prime theorem, we propose a simplified forwarding scheme in this paper, named Per-Port Prime Filter Array (P3FA). The simulation results indicate that the P3FA can significantly improve space efficiencies under specific lower egress-diversities conditions. Under the same space constraints, compared with the SVRF, the multicast time efficiencies, the unicast time efficiency of the P3FA are respectively increased by 12x-17234x and 19x-2038x at a range of port-densities 16-1024, but at the expense of hardware cost, which increased by \r{ho}/2x. A PFE designer that attempts to adopt P3FA should trade-off between required performance and cost.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
