arXiv 0901.18602009-01-13astro-ph.SR

“与红矮星共存”计划

The "Living with a Red Dwarf" Program

Edward F. Guinan, Scott G. Engle

备注：: 7 pages, 6 figures; to be published in the proceedings of the 8th Pacific Rim Conference on Stellar Astrophysics, 5-9 May 2008, Phuket, Thailand - ASP Conference Series

摘要：

红矮星（主序星/矮星M或dM）是银河系中最常见的恒星。这些冷、暗、低质量的恒星占所有恒星的75%以上。由于它们的光度较低（约为太阳光度的0.0008-0.06），dM星的星周宜居带（HZ）位于主星的0.05-0.4天文单位范围内。然而，基于这些恒星的寿命（>50 Gyr）、恒定的光度和高的空间密度，位于红矮星HZ范围内的行星上存在生命的前景是相当高的。在这里，我们描述的目标和早期结果的“生活在一个红矮星”计划-一个研究的dM星，我们已经进行了在过去的几年里。我们对dM星研究的主要重点是研究它们的磁发电机和由此产生的星斑&作为年龄、旋转和光谱类型的函数的日冕X射线和色球紫外辐射。该计划将提供数据集，可用于研究dM恒星的各个方面，以及已经发现的由它们承载的行星和可能的数百（数千？）这些行星预计将在不久的将来被开普勒和达尔文/TPF等任务发现。这些数据集对于那些模拟外行星大气的人以及正在研究宇宙其他地方生命可能性的外太空生物学家和天体生物学家来说将是非常宝贵的。我们的计划的一个重要组成部分是准确的恒星磁驱动的X射线紫外线（X-UV）辐照度的确定所产生的dM恒星的有力的磁发电机。这些X-UV辐射（和耀斑频率）强烈依赖于旋转，因此年龄，并随着恒星通过磁制动失去角动量和自旋而减少。

英文摘要：

Red Dwarfs (main-sequence / dwarf M or dM) stars are the most common stars in the Galaxy. These cool, faint, low mass stars comprise over 75% of all stars. Because of their low luminosities (~0.0008-0.06 of the Sun's luminosity), the circumstellar habitable zones (HZs) of dM stars are located within ~0.05-0.4 AU of the host star. Nevertheless, the prospect of life on a planet located within the HZ of a red dwarf is moderately high, based on the longevity of these stars (>50 Gyr), their constant luminosities and high space densities. Here we describe the aims and early results of the "Living with a Red Dwarf" Program - a study of dM stars that we have been carrying out over the last few years. The primary focus of our research on dM stars is the study of their magnetic dynamos and resulting star spots & coronal X-ray and chromospheric UV emissions as a function of age, rotation and spectral type. This program will provide datasets that can be used as inputs for the study of all aspects of dM stars, along with the planets already discovered hosted by them and the probable hundreds (thousands?) of planets expected to be uncovered in the near future by missions such as Kepler & Darwin/TPF. These datasets will be invaluable to those who model exo-planetary atmospheres, as well as exobiologists & astrobiologists who are studying the possibilities of life elsewhere in the universe. A significant element of our program is the determination of accurate stellar magnetic-driven X-ray-UV (X-UV) irradiances that are generated by the dM stars' vigorous magnetic dynamos. These X-UV irradiances (and flare frequencies) are strongly dependent on rotation, and thus age, and diminish as the stars lose angular momentum and spin-down over time via magnetic braking.

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