与红矮星共存：M矮星的旋转-年龄关系
Living With a Red Dwarf: The Rotation-Age Relationship of M Dwarfs
AI总结：
本研究针对M矮星年龄难以测定的问题，基于自转减慢效应，在“与红矮星共存”计划中确定了约M0-6.5矮星的年龄-旋转关系，为恒星与系外行星研究提供重要工具。
摘要：
年龄是恒星的基本属性，然而对于许多恒星而言，可靠地确定年龄十分困难，对于M矮星尤其如此。由于质量较低，M矮星核心氢聚变的速率远慢于太阳等更大质量的恒星。因此，更常规的年龄测定方法（如等时线和星震学）对M矮星并不可靠。由于这些方法不适用，人们一直在寻找可靠的替代方案。M矮星构成了邻近恒星样本中的绝大多数，这使得确定它们的基本参数更为重要。此外，越来越多的系外行星被发现绕M矮星运行，近期研究也表明，与其他光谱类型的恒星相比，M矮星可能拥有相对更多的小质量行星。确定M矮星的年龄因此也能让我们更好地研究其宿主系外行星。幸运的是，M矮星与其他冷矮星一样具有磁活动和恒星风。这导致它们随着年龄增长而发生自转减慢效应（自转周期变长）。因此，五十多年来，恒星自转速率一直被视为一种潜在有力的年龄确定参数。为M矮星校准可靠的年龄-旋转关系是一个漫长的过程，但在此我们呈现了约M0-6.5矮星的年龄-旋转关系，这些关系是在“与红矮星共存”计划中确定的。这些关系对于广泛的恒星天体物理学和系外行星科学应用而言，将具有不可估量的价值。
英文摘要：
Age is a fundamental stellar property, yet for many stars it is difficult to reliably determine. For M dwarfs it has been notoriously so. Due to their lower masses, core hydrogen fusion proceeds at a much slower rate in M dwarfs than it does in more massive stars like the Sun. As a consequence, more customary age determination methods (e.g. isochrones and asteroseismology) are unreliable for M dwarfs. As these methods are unavailable, many have searched for reliable alternatives. M dwarfs comprise the overwhelming majority of the nearby stellar inventory, which makes the determination of their fundamental parameters even more important. Further, an ever-increasing number of exoplanets are being found to orbit M dwarfs and recent studies have suggested they may relatively higher number of low-mass planets than other spectral types. Determining the ages of M dwarfs then allows us to better study any hosted exoplanets, as well. Fortunately, M dwarfs possess magnetic activity and stellar winds like other cool dwarf stars. This causes them to undergo the spindown effect (rotate with longer periods) as they age. For this reason, stellar rotation rate has been considered a potentially powerful age determination parameter for over 50 years. Calibrating reliable age-rotation relationships for M dwarfs has been a lengthy process, but here we present the age-rotation relationships for ~M0-6.5 dwarfs, determined as part of the Living with a Red Dwarf program. These relationships should prove invaluable for a wide range of stellar astrophysics and exoplanetary science applications.
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