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arXiv 0812.4900physics.comp-phphysics.atom-ph
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双正电子素的热解离:路径积分Monte Carlo方法

Thermal dissociation of dipositronium: path integral Monte Carlo approach

Ilkka Kylänpää, Tapio T. Rantala

摘要:

对双正电子素“分子”Ps $_2$的路径积分蒙特卡罗模拟揭示了它令人惊讶的热不稳定性。虽然,结合能是$\sim 0.4$ eV,但由于其自由能Ps的强烈温度依赖性,$_2$在高于$\sim 1000$ K时解离或不形成,除了其中一小部分分子与Ps原子处于平衡的高密度。这一预测与Cassidy & Mills Jr.最近报道的首次观察到稳定的Ps $_2$分子一致,Nature { \bf 449},195(07)和Phys.Rev.Lett. { \bf 100},013401(08);温度低于1000 K。我们所发现的从分子平衡到原子平衡的相对急剧的转变,还有待实验验证。为了阐明自由能中大熵因子的起源,我们分析了这些强关联量子粒子的原子间相互作用的性质。传统的双原子势能曲线是由大距离下的范德华相互作用给出的,但由于组分粒子的相关性和高度离域性,在短原子距离下势能曲线的概念变得模糊不清。

英文摘要:

Path integral Monte Carlo simulation of the dipositronium "molecule" Ps$_2$ reveals its surprising thermal instability. Although, the binding energy is $\sim 0.4$ eV, due to the strong temperature dependence of its free energy Ps$_2$ dissociates, or does not form, above $\sim 1000$ K, except for high densities where a small fraction of molecules are in equilibrium with Ps atoms. This prediction is consistent with the recently reported first observation of stable Ps$_2$ molecules by Cassidy & Mills Jr., Nature {\bf 449}, 195 (07), and Phys.Rev.Lett. {\bf 100}, 013401 (08); at temperatures below 1000 K. The relatively sharp transition from molecular to atomic equilibrium, that we find, remains to be experimentally verified. To shed light on the origin of the large entropy factor in free energy we analyze the nature of interatomic interactions of these strongly correlated quantum particles. The conventional diatomic potential curve is given by the van der Waals interaction at large distances, but due to the correlations and high delocalization of constituent particles the concept of potential curve becomes ambiguous at short atomic distances.

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