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arXiv 0812.3916astro-ph
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粘性原行星盘中固体的二维输运

Two-Dimensional Transport of Solids in Viscous Protoplanetary Disks

Fred Ciesla

摘要:

固体的大规模径向传输似乎是基于彗星和其他恒星周围的原行星盘外部区域的高温矿物存在的原行星盘演化的基本结果。此外,从太阳星云外部区域向内输送的固体被认为是短寿命放射性核素被引入类地行星区域的方式,也是原始物质中氧同位素比例变化的原因。在这里,向外和向内的固体运输的上下文中的一个二维的,粘性不断发展的原行星盘的调查。固体动力学的研究,以确定它们如何依赖于颗粒大小和特定阶段的原行星盘的演变,对应于不同的质量传输率。它被发现,向外流动,出现在磁盘的原行星盘的磁盘中平面周围的援助向外运输的固体的大小的CAIs和可以增加的结晶度分数的硅酸盐尘埃在10 AU周围的太阳质量的恒星高达$\sim$ 40%的情况下,迅速发展的磁盘,减少到恒星的吸积速率减慢。沿圆盘表面的高速向内流动有助于将固体从外盘快速输送到内盘,特别是对于小灰尘。尽管在整个盘中发生扩散,但与质量输送相关的大规模经向流动阻止了盘的完全均匀化,允许成分梯度发展,其强度在一百万年的时间尺度上变化。

英文摘要:

Large-scale radial transport of solids appears to be a fundamental consequence of protoplanetary disk evolution based on the presence of high temperature minerals in comets and the outer regions of protoplanetary disks around other stars. Further, inward transport of solids from the outer regions of the solar nebula has been postulated to be the manner in which short-lived radionuclides were introduced to the terrestrial planet region and the cause of the variations in oxygen isotope ratios seen in primitive materials. Here, both outward and inward transport of solids are investigated in the context of a two-dimensional, viscously evolving protoplanetary disk. The dynamics of solids are investigated to determine how they depend on particle size and the particular stage of protoplanetary disk evolution, corresponding to different rates of mass transport. It is found that the outward flows that arise around the disk midplane of a protoplanetary disk aid in the outward transport of solids up to the size of CAIs and can increase the crystallinity fraction of silicate dust at 10 AU around a solar mass star to as much as $\sim$40% in the case of rapidly evolving disks, decreasing as the accretion rate onto the star slows. High velocity, inward flows along the disk surface aid in the rapid transport of solids from the outer disk to the inner disk, particularly for small dust. Despite the diffusion that occurs throughout the disk, the large-scale, meridonal flows associated with mass transport prevent complete homogenization of the disk, allowing compositional gradients to develop that vary in intensity for a timescale of one million years.

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