通过蒸发锋的粒子漂移在原行星状星云中的物质增强
Material enhancement in protoplanetary nebulae by particle drift through evaporation fronts
摘要：
相对于星云气体，原行星状星云中的固体物质会经历剧烈的再分配过程。米大小的粒子在星云中平面附近迅速向内漂移，当粒子穿过冷凝/蒸发边界时，物质蒸发。这种物质不能像以固体形式提供的那样以蒸汽形式快速去除，因此其浓度局部增加了很大的系数（在标称条件下超过一个数量级）。随着时间的推移，汽相增强在蒸发边界内传播很长距离（可能一直传播到恒星）。同时，材料在蒸发边界外的特征长度尺度上以其固体形式增强。该效应适用于任何可冷凝物（水、硅酸盐、{ \it等}）。三个不同的径向增强/耗尽制度可以通过使用一个简单的模型来辨别。陨石学的应用包括氧逸度和同位素变化，以及硅酸盐中的同位素均匀化。行星系统的应用包括比以前建议的更强大的增强木星核心形成区域的固体。天体物理学的应用包括差分，随时间变化的增强气相CO和H $_2$ O在类地行星区域的积极吸积原行星盘。
英文摘要：
Solid material in a protoplanetary nebula is subject to vigorous redistribution processes relative to the nebula gas. Meter-sized particles drift rapidly inwards near the nebula midplane, and material evaporates when the particles cross a condensation/evaporation boundary. The material cannot be removed as fast in its vapor form as it is being supplied in solid form, so its concentration increases locally by a large factor (more than an order of magnitude under nominal conditions). As time goes on, the vapor phase enhancement propagates for long distances inside the evaporation boundary (potentially all the way in to the star). Meanwhile, material is enhanced in its solid form over a characteristic lengthscale outside the evaporation boundary. This effect is applicable to any condensible (water, silicates, {\it etc.}). Three distinct radial enhancement/depletion regimes can be discerned by use of a simple model. Meteoritics applications include oxygen fugacity and isotopic variations, as well as isotopic homogenization in silicates. Planetary system applications include more robust enhancement of solids in Jupiter's core formation region than previously suggested. Astrophysical applications include differential, time-dependent enhancement of vapor phase CO and H$_2$O in the terrestrial planet regions of actively accreting protoplanetary disks.
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