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arXiv 0812.3154astro-ph
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千禧年模拟中的晕合并率和对观测到的星系合并分数的影响

The halo merger rate in the Millennium Simulation and implications for observed galaxy merger fractions

S. Genel, R. Genzel, N. Bouché, T. Naab, A. Sternberg

摘要:

我们开发了一种新的方法来提取晕合并率从千年模拟。首先,通过去除多余的合并,是文物的FOF光环发现者,我们发现一个较低的合并率相比,以前的工作。在较低的红移、较低的晕质量和较小的合并时,这种减少更为显著。我们的方法更符合EPS模型的预测。第二,我们发现FOF光环发现者高估了光环质量高达50%的光环即将合并,这导致了额外的20%高估的合并率。因此,我们定义晕质量只包括引力约束粒子。我们提供了新的最佳拟合参数的全球公式来解释这些改进。此外,我们提取合并率每祖晕,以及每后代晕。前者是与观测到的星系合并分数相关的量,当它们通过对计数测量时。在低质量/红移时,合并率随着质量和红移而增加。在高质量/红移(质量是质量函数“膝盖”的几倍的晕),这些趋势被打破,每个祖先晕的合并率随着质量而降低,随着红移而适度增加。定义每个祖先晕的合并率也使我们能够量化晕被吸积到更大的晕上的速率。我们提供了一个解析公式,将给定的合并率每后代晕到合并率每祖晕。最后,我们进行了比较所观察到的合并分数和分数的晕,经历了一个重大的合并,在最近的动态摩擦时间,并找到一个公平的协议,在很大的不确定性的意见。我们新的光环合并树可在http://www.mpe.mpg.de/ir/MillenniumMergerTrees/上找到。

英文摘要:

We developed a new method to extract halo merger rates from the Millennium Simulation. First, by removing superfluous mergers that are artifacts of the FOF halo finder, we find a lower merger rate compared to previous work. The reductions are more significant at lower redshifts, lower halo masses, and minor mergers. Our approach agrees better with predictions from the EPS model. Second, we find that the FOF halo finder overestimates the halo mass by up to 50% for halos that are about to merge, which leads to an additional ~20% overestimate of the merger rate. Therefore, we define halo masses by including only gravitationally bound particles. We provide new best-fitting parameters for a global formula to account for these improvements. In addition, we extract the merger rate per progenitor halo, as well as per descendant halo. The former is the quantity that is related to observed galaxy merger fractions when they are measured via pair counting. At low mass/redshift the merger rate increases with mass and redshift. At high mass/redshift (for halos with masses a few times the "knee" of the mass function) these trends break down, and the merger rate per progenitor halo decreases with mass and increases only moderately with redshift. Defining the merger rate per progenitor halo also allows us to quantify the rate at which halos are being accreted onto larger halos. We provide an analytic formula to convert given merger rates per descendant halo into merger rates per progenitor halo. Finally, we perform a comparison between observed merger fractions and the fraction of halos that have undergone a major merger during the recent dynamical friction time, and find a fair agreement, within the large uncertainties of the observations. Our new halo merger trees are available at http://www.mpe.mpg.de/ir/MillenniumMergerTrees/.

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