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arXiv 0705.2528astro-ph
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千年星系目录:密偶和不对称之间的联系;星系合并率的意义

The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: The connection between close pairs and asymmetry; implications for the galaxy merger rate

R. De Propris, C. J. Conselice, S. P. Driver, J. Liske, D. Patton, A. Graham, P. Allen

摘要:

我们比较了使用星系不对称性和对邻近度测量星系合并分数和速率的3184个星系的体积有限的样本,-21 < M(B)-5 log h < -18 mag.和0.010 < z < 0.123从千年星系表绘制。我们的发现是:(i)紧密成对的星系通常比孤立星系更不对称,而且不对称程度随着距离的增加而增加。至少有35%的近双星(预计分离度小于20 h^{-1} kpc,速度差小于500 km s^{-1})显示出明显的不对称性,因此很可能是物理上的束缚。(ii)在非对称星系中,我们发现至少80%是相互作用系统或合并残留物。然而,最初被确定为不对称的星系中有很大一部分被附近的恒星污染,或者被源提取算法分割。通过不对称指数计算的合并率需要认真注意,以消除上述污染源,但一旦这样做,就非常可靠。(iii)紧密配对和不对称是衡量合并率的两种互补方法。在密切的对Galerkin确定未来的合并,发生在动态摩擦的时间尺度,而不对称性是敏感的合并前阶段,并确定残余物。(iv)对于(5.2 +- 1.0)10^{-4} h ^3 Mpc^{-3} Gyr^{-1}的合并速率,通过密对分数和不对称性得到的合并分数约为2%。这些结果与理论模拟(取决于合并的时间尺度)是勉强一致的,但意味着合并速率的平坦演化与红移到z ~1。

英文摘要:

We compare the use of galaxy asymmetry and pair proximity for measuring galaxy merger fractions and rates for a volume limited sample of 3184 galaxies with -21 < M(B) -5 log h < -18 mag. and 0.010 < z < 0.123 drawn from the Millennium Galaxy Catalogue. Our findings are that: (i) Galaxies in close pairs are generally more asymmetric than isolated galaxies and the degree of asymmetry increases for closer pairs. At least 35% of close pairs (with projected separation of less than 20 h^{-1} kpc and velocity difference of less than 500 km s^{-1}) show significant asymmetry and are therefore likely to be physically bound. (ii) Among asymmetric galaxies, we find that at least 80% are either interacting systems or merger remnants. However, a significant fraction of galaxies initially identified as asymmetric are contaminated by nearby stars or are fragmented by the source extraction algorithm. Merger rates calculated via asymmetry indices need careful attention in order to remove the above sources of contamination, but are very reliable once this is carried out. (iii) Close pairs and asymmetries represent two complementary methods of measuring the merger rate. Galaxies in close pairs identify future mergers, occurring within the dynamical friction timescale, while asymmetries are sensitive to the immediate pre-merger phase and identify remnants. (iv) The merger fraction derived via the close pair fraction and asymmetries is about 2% for a merger rate of (5.2 +- 1.0) 10^{-4} h^3 Mpc^{-3} Gyr^{-1}. These results are marginally consistent with theoretical simulations (depending on the merger time-scale), but imply a flat evolution of the merger rate with redshift up to z ~1.

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