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arXiv 0812.3057gr-qcastro-phhep-thphysics.atom-ph
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Minkowski时空非惯性系中的带电粒子与电磁磁场

Charged Particles and the Electro-Magnetic Field in Non-Inertial Frames of Minkowski Spacetime

David Alba, Luca Lusanna

摘要:

利用3+1观点和参数化的Minkowski理论,发展了Minkowski时空中的{ \it非惯性}坐标系理论。从一个非惯性系到另一个非惯性系的过渡是一个规范变换,它连接了瞬时三维空间(时钟同步约定)和三维坐标的概念。作为一个特例,我们得到了惯性静止系动力学的瞬时形式到非惯性静止系动力学的瞬时形式的推广。我们发现,每个孤立系可以被描述为一个外部解耦的非协变的正则质心(由冻结的Jacobi数据描述)携带一个极-偶极结构:不变的质量和有效的自旋。此外,我们确定的限制,消除内部3-质心内的瞬时3-空间。对于带Grassmann值电荷的正能标量粒子和电-磁场的孤立系,我们得到了非惯性系中的麦克斯韦方程组及其哈密顿描述。然后通过非协变分解定义了非惯性辐射规范,并求出了非协变库仑势的形式。我们确定的坐标相关的相对论惯性势,我们表明,他们有正确的牛顿极限。然后,我们研究了非惯性系中麦克斯韦方程组的性质,如天体物理中的包裹效应和法拉第旋转。此外,3+1描述没有坐标奇异的旋转盘和Sagnac效应,补充评论脉冲星磁层和地球固定坐标系的相对论扩展。

英文摘要:

By using the 3+1 point of view and parametrized Minkowski theories we develop the theory of {\it non-inertial} frames in Minkowski space-time. The transition from a non-inertial frame to another one is a gauge transformation connecting the respective notions of instantaneous 3-space (clock synchronization convention) and of the 3-coordinates inside them. As a particular case we get the extension of the inertial rest-frame instant form of dynamics to the non-inertial rest-frame one. We show that every isolated system can be described as an external decoupled non-covariant canonical center of mass (described by frozen Jacobi data) carrying a pole-dipole structure: the invariant mass and an effective spin. Moreover we identify the constraints eliminating the internal 3-center of mass inside the instantaneous 3-spaces. In the case of the isolated system of positive-energy scalar particles with Grassmann-valued electric charges plus the electro-magnetic field we obtain both Maxwell equations and their Hamiltonian description in non-inertial frames. Then by means of a non-covariant decomposition we define the non-inertial radiation gauge and we find the form of the non-covariant Coulomb potential. We identify the coordinate-dependent relativistic inertial potentials and we show that they have the correct Newtonian limit. Then we study properties of Maxwell equations in non-inertial frames like the wrap-up effect and the Faraday rotation in astrophysics. Also the 3+1 description without coordinate-singularities of the rotating disk and the Sagnac effect are given, with added comments on pulsar magnetosphere and on a relativistic extension of the Earth-fixed coordinate system.

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