PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery in urology has gained immense popularity with the daVinci system, but a lot of research teams are working on new robots. The purpose of this study is to review current urologic robots and present future development directions. RECENT FINDINGS: Future systems are expected to advance in two directions: improvements of remote manipulation robots and developments of image-guided robots. SUMMARY: The final goal of robots is to allow safer and more homogeneous outcomes with less variability of surgeon performance, as well as new tools to perform tasks on the basis of medical transcutaneous imaging, in a less invasive way, at lower costs. It is expected that improvements for a remote system could be augmented in reality, with haptic feedback, size reduction, and development of new tools for natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery. The paradigm of image-guided robots is close to clinical availability and the most advanced robots are presented with end-user technical assessments. It is also notable that the potential of robots lies much further ahead than the accomplishments of the daVinci system. The integration of imaging with robotics holds a substantial promise, because this can accomplish tasks otherwise impossible. Image-guided robots have the potential to offer a paradigm shift.
First Clinical Experience in Urologic Surgery with a Novel Robotic Lightweight Laparoscope Holder
Grenoble University Hospital（格勒诺布尔大学医院）；Saint-Etienne University Hospital（圣埃蒂安大学医院）；TIMC-IMAG/GMCAO Lab (CNRS 5525)（TIMC-IMAG/GMCAO实验室（CNRS 5525））；Clinical Investigation Center, Grenoble University Hospital（格勒诺布尔大学医院临床研究中心）
Robotics Applications in Neurology: A Review of Recent Advancements and Future Directions
Kariadi Hospital（卡里亚迪医院）；Indonesia Center for Technology Empowerment (ICTE)（印度尼西亚技术赋能中心）；Diponegoro University（迪波内戈罗大学）；UNDIP（迪波内戈罗大学）；UNS（塞贝拉斯马雷特大学）；Syiah Kuala University（锡亚库阿拉大学）；RS Permata Cirebon（佩尔马塔井里汶医院）
Designing a Miniature Wheel Arrangement for Mobile Robot Platforms
College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology（国家科技大学机电工程学院）；Department of Mechanical Engineering（机械工程系）
Adaptive vs. Static Robot-to-Human Handover: A Study on Orientation and Approach Direction
Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia（工程学院"Enzo Ferrari"，摩德纳和雷吉奥艾米利亚大学）；Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia（外科、医学、牙科和形态学科学学院，摩德纳和雷吉奥艾米利亚大学）
Learning Models for Following Natural Language Directions in Unknown Environments
Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；University of Rochester（罗切斯特大学）；Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago（芝加哥丰田理工学院）
Safe Navigation in Unknown and Cluttered Environments via Direction-Aware Convex Free-Region Generation
Robotics and Autonomous Systems Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)（香港科技大学（广州）机器人与自主系统方向）；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学电子与计算机工程系）
Gaze-supported Large Language Model Framework for Bi-directional Human-Robot Interaction
Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑技术大学）；Robert Bosch GmbH, Corporate Research（博世集团，企业研究）；Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems (AASS)（应用自主传感器系统中心（AASS））
Universidad Complutense de Madrid（马德里康普顿斯大学）；University of Granada（格拉纳达大学）；Research Centre for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC-UGR)（信息与通信技术研究中心（CITIC-UGR））；School of Robotics, Hunan University（湖南大学机器人学院）
DNPush: Distributed Nonparallel Pushing Force Control of Multi-Robot Systems for Object Transportation
More-Than-One Robotics Laboratory, Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island（爱德华王子岛大学可持续设计工程学院多机器人实验室）；Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications, VNU University of Engineering and Technology（越南国立大学工程与技术大学电子与电信学院）
Coverage Path Planning: Classical Foundations, Recent Advances, and Future Directions
College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University（暨南大学信息科学技术学院）；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut（康涅狄格大学电气与计算机工程系）；Global College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学密西根学院）；School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学人工智能学院）；School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuyi University（五邑大学电子与信息工程学院）；School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology（华南理工大学计算机科学与工程学院）
Spoken Language Interaction with Robots: Research Issues and Recommendations, Report from the NSF Future Directions Workshop
DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory（DEVCOM陆军研究实验室）；University of Maryland（马里兰大学）；University of Texas at El Paso（德克萨斯大学埃尔帕索分校）；University of California at Los Angeles（加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校）；Cornell University（康奈尔大学）；University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill（北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；Microsoft（微软公司）；University of Rochester（罗切斯特大学）；Boise State University（博伊西州立大学）；DFKI（德国人工智能研究中心）；University of Maryland, Baltimore County（马里兰大学巴尔的摩县分校）；Semio（Semio公司）；University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）；University of Sheffield（谢菲尔德大学）；University of Washington（华盛顿大学）；Mount Holyoke College（曼荷莲学院）；Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；Tufts University（塔夫茨大学）；Adobe（奥多比公司）；Brown University（布朗大学）；USC Institute for Creative Technologies（南加州大学创意技术研究所）；University of California at Davis（加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校）
