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arXiv 0811.2258astro-ph
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银河系化学富集的时间尺度

The timescales of chemical enrichment in the Galaxy

Antonio Pipino, Francesca Matteucci

摘要:

化学富集的时间尺度是理解星系丰度和丰度比演化的基础。特别是,SNe II和SNe Ia富集的时间尺度在解释丰度比(如[α/Fe])的演变方面至关重要。事实上,α元素主要是由SNe II在3 ~ 3000万年的时间尺度上产生的,而Fe主要是由SNe Ia在更大的时间尺度上产生的,从3000万年到哈勃时间。这在高和低红移处产生[α/Fe]比率的差异,并且它被称为“时间延迟”模型。在这次演讲中,我们回顾了最常见的祖先模型SNe Ia和派生率与恒星形成历史的影响对[α/Fe]与[Fe/H]图在银河系。从这些图中,我们可以推导出内晕形成的时间尺度(大约2 Gyr),局部盘形成的时间尺度(大约7-8 Gyr)以及整个盘形成的时间尺度。这些都是银河距离的函数,从内盘的2-3 Gyr到外盘的哈勃时间(由内而外的形成)。最后,形成的时间尺度被发现不超过0.3 Gyr,类似于形成更大的球状体,如椭圆星系的时间尺度。我们显示的时间延迟模型适用于不同形态类型的星系,不同的恒星形成的历史,以及它如何约束不同的星系形成模型。

英文摘要:

The time-scales of chemical enrichment are fundamental to understand the evolution of abundances and abundance ratios in galaxies. In particular, the time-scales for the enrichment by SNe II and SNe Ia are crucial in interpreting the evolution of abundance ratios such as [alpha/Fe]. In fact, the alpha-elements are produced mainly by SNe II on time-scales of the order of 3 to 30 Myr, whereas the Fe is mainly produced by SNe Ia on a larger range of time-scales, going from 30 Myr to a Hubble time. This produces differences in the [alpha/Fe] ratios at high and low redshift and it is known as "time-delay" model. In this talk we review the most common progenitor models for SNe Ia and the derived rates together with the effect of the star formation history on the [alpha/Fe] versus [Fe/H] diagram in the Galaxy. From these diagrams we can derive the timescale for the formation of the inner halo (roughly 2 Gyr), the timescale for the formation of the local disk (roughly 7-8 Gyr) as well the time-scales for the formation of the whole disk. These are functions of the galactocentric distance and vary from 2-3 Gyr in the inner disk up to a Hubble time in the outer disk (inside-out formation). Finally, the timescale for the formation of the bulge is found to be no longer than 0.3 Gyr, similar to the timescale for the formation of larger spheroids such as elliptical galaxies. We show the time-delay model applied to galaxies of different morphological type, identified by different star formation histories, and how it constrains differing galaxy formation models.

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