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arXiv 0705.3048astro-ph
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第一次超新星爆炸:能量学,反馈和化学浓缩

The First Supernova Explosions: Energetics, Feedback, and Chemical Enrichment

Thomas H. Greif, Jarrett L. Johnson, Volker Bromm, Ralf S. Klessen

摘要:

在真实的宇宙学背景下,利用三维光滑粒子流体动力学模拟研究了高红移宇宙中一颗200 M太阳对不稳定超新星的膨胀、反馈和化学富集性质.我们发现,SN残留物在z = 20的哈勃时间内传播到最终质量加权平均激波半径为2.5 kpc(正常),大约是HII区域大小的一半,在这个过程中,扫过的气体总质量为2.5*10^5 M_sun。冲击波的形态变得高度各向异性,一旦它离开宿主晕,遇到细丝和邻近的minihalos,而大部分的冲击波传播到星系际介质的空隙。SN完全破坏了宿主晕,并终止了至少2亿年的进一步恒星形成,而在我们的特定情况下,它通过冲击压缩其核心对邻近的迷你晕施加了积极的机械反馈。相比之下,我们没有观察到致密壳层中通过引力破碎形成的次级恒星,这是由于祖先恒星先前的光加热。我们发现,由金属线冷却是不重要的SN残留物的整个演变,而富含金属的,内部气泡膨胀到由冲击产生的空腔,并最终进入空隙,最大程度上类似于最终的质量加权平均冲击半径。最后,我们得出结论,至少M_vir > 10^8 M_sun的暗物质晕必须被组装起来才能吸收扫掠气体的所有成分。

英文摘要:

We perform three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations in a realistic cosmological setting to investigate the expansion, feedback, and chemical enrichment properties of a 200 M_sun pair-instability supernova in the high-redshift universe. We find that the SN remnant propagates for a Hubble time at z = 20 to a final mass-weighted mean shock radius of 2.5 kpc (proper), roughly half the size of the HII region, and in this process sweeps up a total gas mass of 2.5*10^5 M_sun. The morphology of the shock becomes highly anisotropic once it leaves the host halo and encounters filaments and neighboring minihalos, while the bulk of the shock propagates into the voids of the intergalactic medium. The SN entirely disrupts the host halo and terminates further star formation for at least 200 Myr, while in our specific case it exerts positive mechanical feedback on neighboring minihalos by shock-compressing their cores. In contrast, we do not observe secondary star formation in the dense shell via gravitational fragmentation, due to the previous photoheating by the progenitor star. We find that cooling by metal lines is unimportant for the entire evolution of the SN remnant, while the metal-enriched, interior bubble expands adiabatically into the cavities created by the shock, and ultimately into the voids with a maximum extent similar to the final mass-weighted mean shock radius. Finally, we conclude that dark matter halos of at least M_vir > 10^8 M_sun must be assembled to recollect all components of the swept-up gas.

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