V. Shur, Ya. Sinai, A. Ustinov
The purpose of this paper is to give a complete derivation of the limiting distribution of large Frobenius numbers outlined in earlier work of J. Bourgain and Ya. Sinai and fill some gaps formulated there as hypotheses.
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We introduce a "limiting Frobenius structure" attached to any degeneration of projective varieties over a finite field of characteristic p which satisfies a p-adic lifting assumption. Our limiting Frobenius structure is shown to be effectively computable in an appropriate sense for a degeneration of projective hypersurfaces. We conjecture that the limiting Frobenius structure relates to the rigid cohomology of a semistable limit of the degeneration through an analogue of the Clemens-Schmidt exact sequence. Our construction is illustrated, and conjecture supported, by a selection of explicit ex…
We obtain distribution results for traces of Frobenius for various families of elliptic curves with respect to the Lang-Trotter conjecture, extremal primes, and the central limit theorem. This includes some generalisations and bounds related to the work of Sha-Shparlinski on the average Lang-Trotter conjecture for single-parametric families of elliptic curves and the work of various authors on the trace of Frobenius for primes in congruence classes. Some results are also obtained for modular forms.
Let $q$ be an odd prime power, $a \in \mathbb{F}_q[T]$ and $u \in \mathbb{F}_q^*$. Provided $q \geq 17$, we compute the average number of primes $p$ for which the characteristic polynomial of the Frobenius at $p$ is $X^2 - aX + up$ over a family of rank 2 Drinfeld $ \mathbb{F}_q[T]$-modules. Our results give asymptotic formulas in the $x$-limit.
Frobenius distributions of low dimensional abelian varieties over finite fields
本文研究了有限域上阿贝尔簇的 Frobenius 分布，通过引入控制 Frobenius 自同态高次幂分布的 Serre--Frobenius 群，完成了 $g \le 3$ 时该群的所有可能分类，并给出了素数维 $g>3$ 单普通阿贝尔簇的部分分类。
In this article we present a heuristic model that describes the asymptotic behaviour of the number of primes p such that the p-th coefficient of a given eigenform is a rational integer. We treat the case of a weight 2 eigenform with quadratic coefficient field without inner twists. Moreover we present numerical data which agrees with our model and the assumptions we made to obtain it.
Let $K$ be a number field and $r$ an integer. Given an elliptic curve $E$, defined over $K$, we consider the problem of counting the number of degree two prime ideals of $K$ with trace of Frobenius equal to $r$. Under certain restrictions on $K$, we show that "on average" the number of such prime ideals with norm less than or equal to $x$ satisfies an asymptotic identity that is in accordance with standard heuristics. This work is related to the classical Lang-Trotter conjecture and extends the work of several authors.
The Frobenius number g(a) of an integer vector a with positive coprime coefficients is defined as the largest integer that does not have a representation as a non-negative integer linear combination of the coefficients of a. According to a recent result by Marklof, if a is taken to be random in an expanding d-dimensional domain D, then g(a) (appropriately rescaled) has a limit distribution. In the present paper we prove an asymptotic formula for the (algebraic) tail behavior of this limit distribution. We also prove that the corresponding upper bound on the probability of the Frobenius number …
Let $K$ be a fixed number field, assumed to be Galois over $\mathbb Q$. Let $r$ and $f$ be fixed integers with $f$ positive. Given an elliptic curve $E$, defined over $K$, we consider the problem of counting the number of degree $f$ prime ideals of $K$ with trace of Frobenius equal to $r$. Except in the case $f=2$, we show that "on average," the number of such prime ideals with norm less than or equal to $x$ satisfies an asymptotic identity that is in accordance with standard heuristics. This work is related to the classical Lang-Trotter conjecture and extends the work of several authors.
For any polynomial $p\left(x\right)$ over $\mathbb{F}_{l}$ we determine the asymptotic density of hyperelliptic curves over $\mathbb{F}_{q}$ of genus $g$ for which $p\left(x\right)$ divides the characteristic polynomial of Frobenius acting on the $l$-torsion of the Jacobian, and give an explicit formula for this density. We prove this result as a consequence of more general density theorems for quotients of Tate modules of such curves, viewed as modules over the Frobenius. The proof involves the study of measures on $R$-modules over arbitrary rings $R$ which are finite $\mathbb{Z}_{l}$-algebra…
We consider unitary polynomials $P \in Z[X]$ whose roots $(x_i)$ belong to a given compact $K$ of $C$. To such a polynomial we associate the measure $μ_P$ on $K$ which is the mean value of the Dirac measures $δ_{x_i}$. What are the limits of the measures $μ_P$ when $P$ varies ? In particular, what are their supports? We give partial answers to such questions, especially when $K$ is contained in $R$.
In a previous article, we obtained data on the distribution of traces of Frobenius of non-hyperelliptic genus $3$ curves over small finite fields. In the present one, we give a heuristic explanation of these data, by extrapolating from results on the distribution of traces of Frobenius for plane curves whose degree is small with respect to the cardinality of their finite base field. In particular, our methods shed some new light on the asymmetry of the distribution around its mean value, which is related to the Serre obstruction.
Let C denote the Fermat curve over Q of prime exponent l. The Jacobian Jac(C) of C splits over Q as the product of Jacobians Jac(C_k), 0< k < l-1, where C_k are curves obtained as quotients of C by certain subgroups of automorphisms of C. It is well known that Jac(C_k) is the power of an absolutely simple abelian variety B_k with complex multiplication. We call degenerate those pairs (l,k) for which B_k has degenerate CM type. For a non-degenerate pair (l,k), we compute the Sato-Tate group of Jac(C_k), prove the generalized Sato-Tate Conjecture for it, and give an explicit method to compute th…
In this paper we propose conjectures that assert that, the sequence of Frobenius angles of a given elliptic curve over $\mathbf{Q}$ without complex multiplication is pseudorandom, in other words that the Frobenius angles are statistically independently distributed with respect to the Sato-Tate measure. Numerical evidences are presented to support the conjectures.
We study the distribution of the Frobenius traces on $K3$ surfaces. We compare experimental data with the predictions made by the Sato--Tate conjecture, i.e. with the theoretical distributions derived from the theory of Lie groups assuming equidistribution. Our sample consists of generic $K3$ surfaces, as well as of such having real and complex multiplication. Each time, the theoretical density and the histogram obtained by counting points match in the range of visible accuracy. Thus, we report evidence for the Sato-Tate conjecture for the surfaces considered.
Hypergeometric Distributions and Joint Families of Elliptic Curves
本文将椭圆曲线族超几何函数极限分布的研究推广到${_4F_3}$超几何函数，通过推广Michel的Sato-Tate律工作并结合平展上同调等理论，确定了椭圆曲线对的弗罗贝尼乌斯迹和的极限分布。
Let E and E' be two elliptic curves over a number field. We prove that the reductions of E and E' at a finite place p are geometrically isogenous for infinitely many p, and draw consequences for the existence of supersingular primes. This result is an analogue for distributions of Frobenius traces of known results on the density of Noether-Lefschetz loci in Hodge theory. The proof relies on dynamical properties of the Hecke correspondences on the modular curve.
Moments in the Chebotarev density theorem: non-Gaussian families
本文研究了Chebotarev密度定理中非高斯族的高阶矩，证明了在广义黎曼假设下存在无高斯极限分布的Galois扩张。
Distribution of Frobenius elements in families of Galois extensions
该研究通过伽罗瓦群表示与分歧理论不变量刻画伽罗瓦扩张族中Frobenius元素的精细分布，改进了GRH下Chebotarev密度定理误差项的波动上界，推广了相关经典结果并解决了公开问题。
The distribution of powers of primes related to the Frobenius problem
本文推广了 Ding, Zhai 和 Zhao 的成果，证明了当参数趋于无穷时，满足特定 Frobenius 问题线性组合条件的素数幂分布的渐近公式。
The computation of the order of Frobenius action on the $\ell$-torsion is a part of Schoof-Elkies-Atkin algorithm for point counting on an elliptic curve $E$ over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$. The idea of Schoof's algorithm is to compute the trace of Frobenius $t$ modulo primes $\ell$ and restore it by the Chinese remainder theorem. Atkin's improvement consists of computing the order $r$ of the Frobenius action on $E[\ell]$ and of restricting the number $t \pmod{\ell}$ to enumerate by using the formula $t^2 \equiv q (ζ+ ζ^{-1})^2 \pmod{\ell}$. Here $ζ$ is a primitive $r$-th root of unity. In …
The Frobenius number F(a) of an integer vector a with positive coprime coefficients is defined as the largest number that does not have a representation as a positive integer linear combination of the coefficients of a. We show that if a is taken to be random in an expanding d-dimensional domain, then F(a) has a limit distribution, which is given by the probability distribution for the covering radius of a certain simplex with respect to a (d-1)-dimensional random lattice. This result extends recent studies for d=3 by Arnold, Bourgain-Sinai and Shur-Sinai-Ustinov. The key features of our appro…
We prove that the set of Farey fractions of order $T$, that is, the set $\{α/β\in \Q : \gcd(α, β) = 1, 1 \le α, β\le T\}$, is uniformly distributed in residue classes modulo a prime $p$ provided $T \ge p^{1/2 +\eps}$ for any fixed $\eps>0$. We apply this to obtain upper bounds for the Lang--Trotter conjectures on Frobenius traces and Frobenius fields ``on average'' over a one-parametric family of elliptic curves.
We study the distribution of the traces of the Frobenius endomorphism of genus $g$ curves which are quartic non-cyclic covers of $\mathbb{P}^{1}_{\mathbb{F}_{q}}$, as the curve varies in an irreducible component of the moduli space. We show that for $q$ fixed, the limiting distribution of the trace of Frobenius equals the sum of $q + 1$ independent random discrete variables. We also show that when both $g$ and $q$ go to infinity, the normalized trace has a standard complex Gaussian distribution. Finally, we extend these computations to the general case of arbitrary covers of $\mathbb{P}^{1}_{\…
We obtain new results concerning Lang-Trotter conjecture on Frobenius traces and Frobenius fields over single and double parametric families of elliptic curves. We also obtain similar results with respect to the Sato-Tate conjecture. In particular, we improve a result of A.C. Cojocaru and the second author (2008) towards the Lang-Trotter conjecture on average for polynomially parameterized families of elliptic curves when the parameter runs through a set of rational numbers of bounded height. Some of the families we consider are much thinner than the ones previously studied.
Let $g \geq 1$ be an integer and let $A/\mathbb{Q}$ be an abelian variety that is isogenous over $\mathbb{Q}$ to %the product $E_1 \times \ldots \times E_g$ of elliptic curves $E_1/\mathbb{Q}$, $\ldots$, $E_g/\mathbb{Q}$, without complex multiplication and pairwise non-isogenous over $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$. a product of $g$ elliptic curves defined over $\mathbb{Q}$, pairwise non-isogenous over $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$ and each without complex multiplication. %pairwise non-isogenous over $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$. For an integer $t$ and a positive real number $x$, denote by $π_A(x, t)$ the number…
We obtain new results concerning the Sato--Tate conjecture on the distribution of Frobenius angles over parametric families of elliptic curves with a rational parameter of bounded height.
Let $C$ be a smooth projective curve over $\mathbb{F}_q$ with function field $K$, $E/K$ a nonconstant elliptic curve and $ϕ:\mathcal{E}\to C$ its minimal regular model. For each $P\in C$ such that $E$ has good reduction at $P$, i.e., the fiber $\mathcal{E}_P=ϕ^{-1}(P)$ is smooth, the eigenvalues of the zeta-function of $\mathcal{E}_P$ over the residue field $κ_P$ of $P$ are of the form $q_P^{1/2}e^{iθ_P},q_{P}e^{-iθ_P}$, where $q_P=q^{°(P)}$ and $0\leθ_P\leπ$. The goal of this note is to determine given an integer $B\ge 1$, $α,β\in[0,π]$ the number of $P\in C$ where the reduction of $E$ is goo…
We show that for a large class of rings $R$, the number of principally polarized abelian varieties over a finite field in a given simple ordinary isogeny class and with endomorphism ring $R$ is equal either to 0, or to a ratio of class numbers associated to $R$, up to some small computable factors. This class of rings includes the maximal order of the CM field $K$ associated to the isogeny class (for which the result was already known), as well as the order $R$ generated over $\mathbf{Z}$ by Frobenius and Verschiebung. For this latter order, we can use results of Louboutin to estimate the appr…
The Limiting Distribution of Elliptic Dedekind Sums
研究椭圆戴克斯特拉求和的极限分布，证明其归一化后服从高斯分布，并验证了Ito的猜想。
In this paper, we consider the distribution of the continuous paths of Dirichlet character sums modulo prime $q$ on the complex plane. We also find a limiting distribution as $q \rightarrow \infty$ using Steinhaus random multiplicative functions, stating properties of this random process. This is motivated by Kowalski and Sawin's work on Kloosterman paths.
In this paper we give quite pretty generalization of the formula of Frobenius-Stickelberger to all hyperelliptic curves. The formula of Kiepert type is also obtained by limiting process from this generalization. In Appendix a determinant expression of D.G. Cantor is also given.
We study the variation of the trace of the Frobenius endomorphism associated to a cyclic trigonal curve of genus g over a field of q elements as the curve varies in an irreducible component of the moduli space. We show that for q fixed and g increasing, the limiting distribution of the trace of the Frobenius equals the sum of q+1 independent random variables taking the value 0 with probability 2/(q+2) and 1, e^{(2pi i)/3}, e^{(4pi i)/3} each with probability q/(3(q+2)). This extends the work of Kurlberg and Rudnick who considered the same limit for hyperelliptic curves. We also show that when …
In this article we prove a general theorem which establishes the existence of limiting distributions for a wide class of error terms from prime number theory. As a corollary to our main theorem, we deduce previous results of Wintner (1935), Rubinstein and Sarnak (1994), and of Ng (2004). In addition, we establish limiting distribution results for the error term in the prime number theorem for an automorphic $L$-function, weighted sums of the Möbius function, weighted sums of the Liouville function, the sum of the Möbius function in an arithmetic progression, and the error term in Chebotarev's …
Bounds for the distribution of the Frobenius traces associated to a generic abelian variety
本文在广义黎曼假设下，研究阿贝尔簇的弗罗贝尼乌斯迹分布，得到关于素数分布的渐进行为，并在附加假设下进一步改进了这些界。
Distribution of supersingular primes for abelian surfaces
本文针对数域上的绝对单阿贝尔曲面，依据自同态代数分三种情形给出超奇异素数个数的无条件上界，并在实乘情形下进一步得到 Frobenius 迹及中间系数的分布上界。
Using the sieve for Frobenius, we show that, in a certain sense, the roots of the L-functions of "most" algebraic curves over finite fields do not satisfy any non-trivial (linear or multiplicative) rational dependency relations. This can be seen as an analogue of conjectures of linear independence among ordinates of zeros of L-functions over number fields. As a corollary, we find, for "most" pairs of distinct algebraic curves over a finite field, the limiting distribution of the (suitably normalized) difference between the number of rational points over extensions of the ground field. The meth…
Let C be a smooth irreducible projective curve defined over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_{q}$ of q elements of characteristic p>3 and $K=\mathbb{F}_{q}(C)$ its function field and $ϕ_{\mathcal{E}}:\mathcal{E}\to C$ the minimal regular model of $\mathbf{E}/K$. For each $P\in C$ denote $\mathcal{E}_P=ϕ^{-1}_{\mathcal{E}}(P)$. The elliptic curve $E/K$ has good reduction at $P\in C$ if and only if $\mathcal{E}_P$ is an elliptic curve defined over the residue field $κ_P$ of $P$. This field is a finite extension of $\mathbb{F}_q$ of degree $°(P)$. Let $t(\mathcal{E}_P)=q^{°(P)}+1-#\mathcal{E}_P(κ_P)$ b…
A standard observation in algebraic geometry and number theory is that a ramified cover of an algebraic variety $\widetilde{X}\rightarrow X$ over a finite field $F_q$ furnishes the rational points $x\in X(F_q)$ with additional arithmetic structure: the Frobenius action on the fiber over $x$. For example, in the case of the Vieta cover of polynomials over $F_q$ this structure describes a polynomial's irreducible decomposition type. Furthermore, the distribution of these Frobenius actions is encoded in the cohomology of $\widetilde{X}$ via the Grothendieck-Lefschetz trace formula. This note pres…
On limiting distributions of arithmetic functions
本文研究了算术函数M(n)和m(n)的二阶矩及其极限分布，并引入一种依赖函数f的新离散概率分布来刻画多个算术函数的极限行为。
We show that given $n$ normalized intervals on the unit circle, the numbers of visits of $d$ random rotations to these intervals have a joint limiting distribution as lengths of trajectories tend to infinity. If $d$ then tends to infinity, then the numbers of points in different intervals become asymptotically independent unless an arithmetic obstruction arises. This is a generalization of earlier results of J. Marklof.
Higher moment formulae and limiting distributions of lattice points
本文使用矩方法证明了仿射格与同余格点计数的泛函极限定理，主要工具为齐次空间上Siegel变换的高阶矩公式。
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