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arXiv 0810.4811hep-th
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de Sitter时空中螺旋度为0引力子鬼模型的粒子产生

Particle production in models with helicity-0 graviton ghost in de Sitter spacetime

Keisuke Izumi, Takahiro Tanaka

摘要:

我们重新讨论了de Sitter背景下大质量引力子的螺旋度0鬼模问题。一般来说,具有负能量的鬼粒子的存在会通过鬼粒子和普通粒子的成对产生来驱动真空变得不稳定。在真空状态保持德西特不变性的情况下,由于未抑制的紫外(UV)贡献,由对产生产生的数密度不可避免地发散。在这种情况下,人们可以立即得出结论,该模型是不可行的。然而,在大质量引力理论中,我们不能构造一个遵守德西特不变性的真空态。因此,幽灵的存在并不立即意味着模型的崩溃。通过对两个共形标量粒子和一个螺旋度为0的鬼引力子成对产生的粒子的数密度和能量密度的解释性估计,发现这两个密度都是发散的。然而,由于螺旋度为0的鬼引力子模型没有de Sitter不变真空态,因此在三维动量空间中考虑UV截止尺度是相当自然的。因此,即使我们把截止尺度取为普朗克尺度那样大,产生的数密度和能量密度也被很好地抑制了。在许多模型中,截止尺度小于普朗克尺度。在这样的模型中,只要只考虑截止尺度以下的物理,产生的数密度和能量密度就小得可以忽略不计。

英文摘要:

We revisit the problem of the helicity-0 ghost mode of massive graviton in the de Sitter background. In general, the presence of a ghost particle, which has negative energy, drives the vacuum to be unstable through pair production of ghost particles and ordinary particles. In the case that the vacuum state preserves the de Sitter invariance, the number density created by the pair production inevitably diverges due to unsuppressed ultra-violet(UV) contributions. In such cases one can immediately conclude that the model is not viable. However, in the massive gravity theory we cannot construct a vacuum state which respects the de Sitter invariance. Therefore the presence of a ghost does not immediately mean the breakdown of the model. Explicitly estimating the number density and the energy density of particles created by the pair production of two conformal scalar particles and one helicity-0 ghost graviton, we find that these densities both diverge. However, since models with helicity-0 ghost graviton have no de Sitter invariant vacuum state, it is rather natural to consider a UV cutoff scale in the three-dimensional momentum space. Then, even if we take the cutoff scale as large as the Planck scale, the created number density and energy density are well suppressed. In many models the cutoff scale is smaller than the Planck scale. In such models the created number density and the energy density are negligiblly small as long as only the physics below the cutoff scale is concerned.

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