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arXiv 0810.2510cond-mat.soft
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浓缩硬球和软球流体的结构和输运性质比较

Comparison of structure and transport properties of concentrated hard and soft sphere fluids

Erik Lange, Jose B. Caballero, Antonio M. Puertas, Matthias Fuchs

摘要:

利用牛顿动力学和布朗动力学模拟,研究了硬球和软球的结构和输运性质。使用逆幂势($V\sim r^{-n}$,其中$1/n$为势软度)对软球进行建模。虽然压力,扩散系数和粘度取决于在恒定密度的颗粒柔软度高达极高的值的$n$,我们表明,缩放的密度与凝固点为每个系统有效地崩溃这些参数为$n\geq 18$(包括硬球),大密度。在凝固点,所有系统的长程结构是相同的,当距离以粒子间距离为单位测量时,但差异出现在短距离(由于相互作用势的不同形状)。这转化为在短时间内的速度和应力自相关函数的差异,虽然他们同意给予相同的值的相应的传输系数(相同的密度冻结比);微观动力学也影响短期行为的关联函数和绝对值的传输系数,但相同的缩放与冻结密度工程牛顿或布朗动力学。对于硬球,应力自相关函数的短时间行为进行了详细的研究,定量地证实了它的理论推导形式。

英文摘要:

Using Newtonian and Brownian dynamics simulations, the structural and transport properties of hard and soft spheres have been studied. The soft spheres were modeled using inverse power potentials ($V\sim r^{-n}$, with $1/n$ the potential softness). Although the pressure, diffusion coefficient and viscosity depend at constant density on the particle softness up to extremely high values of $n$, we show that scaling the density with the freezing point for every system effectively collapses these parameters for $n\geq 18$ (including hard spheres), for large densities. At the freezing points, the long range structure of all systems is identical, when the distance is measured in units of the interparticle distance, but differences appear at short distances (due to the different shape of the interaction potential). This translates into differences at short times in the velocity and stress autocorrelation functions, although they concur to give the same value of the corresponding transport coefficient (for the same density to freezing ratio); the microscopic dynamics also affects the short time behaviour of the correlation functions and absolute values of the transport coefficients, but the same scaling with the freezing density works for Newtonian or Brownian dynamics. For hard spheres, the short time behaviour of the stress autocorrelation function has been studied in detail, confirming quantitatively the theoretical forms derived for it.

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