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arXiv 0810.0024astro-ph
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维里温度为~ 13000-30000 K的无金属晕中致密大质量自引力盘的形成

The formation of compact massive self-gravitating discs in metal-free haloes with virial temperatures of ~ 13000-30000 K

John A. Regan, Martin G. Haehnelt

摘要:

我们使用流体动力学AMR程序ENZO研究了在宇宙学背景下,在z ~ 15维里速度为~ 20 - 30 km,维里温度为~ 13000-30000 K的暗物质晕中心气体的动力学演化。暗物质晕的维里温度高于氢原子冷却使气体冷却和坍缩的阈值。我们忽略了分子氢和金属的冷却,如果H_2冷却被元银河系的莱曼-维尔纳背景或莱曼-维尔纳光子的内部来源抑制,金属富集也没有进展得很远,这可能是合理的。晕中的气体在引力作用下变得不稳定,并发展出与暗物质晕的维里速度相当的湍流速度。在几个动力学时间内,它在几十年的半径内进入一个几乎等温的密度分布,在这个过程中失去了大部分的角动量。在暗物质晕的中心,大约0.1 - 1%的重子坍缩成一个自引力的、肥胖的、椭圆形的、离心支撑的指数盘,其标度长度为~ 0.075-0.27 pc,旋转速度为25-60 km。我们能够跟踪气体沉降到离心支持和动态演化的光盘在每个暗物质晕的几个动态时间。晕中心气体的动态演化是复杂的。在其中一个晕中,中心的气体分裂成一个三重系统,导致强烈的潮汐扰动,并最终导致次级较小的团块进入最大的初级团块。离心支撑的自引力大质量盘的形成可能是形成大质量黑洞种子的重要中间阶段。

英文摘要:

We have used the hydrodynamical AMR code ENZO to investigate the dynamical evolution of the gas at the centre of dark matter haloes with virial velocities of ~ 20 - 30 kms and virial temperatures of ~ 13000-30000 K at z ~ 15 in a cosmological context. The virial temperature of the dark matter haloes is above the threshold where atomic cooling by hydrogen allows the gas to cool and collapse. We neglect cooling by molecular hydrogen and metals, as may be plausible if H_2 cooling is suppressed by a meta-galactic Lyman-Werner background or an internal source of Lyman-Werner photons, and metal enrichment has not progressed very far. The gas in the haloes becomes gravitationally unstable and develops turbulent velocities comparable to the virial velocities of the dark matter haloes. Within a few dynamical times it settles into a nearly isothermal density profile over many decades in radius losing most of its angular momentum in the process. About 0.1 - 1 % of the baryons, at the centre of the dark matter haloes, collapse into a self-gravitating, fat, ellipsoidal, centrifugally supported exponential disc with scale-length of ~ 0.075-0.27 pc and rotation velocities of 25-60 kms. We are able to follow the settling of the gas into centrifugal support and the dynamical evolution of the compact disc in each dark matter halo for a few dynamical times. The dynamical evolution of the gas at the centre of the haloes is complex. In one of the haloes the gas at the centre fragments into a triple system leading to strong tidal perturbations and eventually to the in-fall of a secondary smaller clump into the most massive primary clump. The formation of centrifugally supported self-gravitating massive discs is likely to be an important intermediary stage en route to the formation of a massive black hole seed.

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