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arXiv 0810.2802astro-ph
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维里温度> 10000 K的银河系前暗物质晕中通往大质量黑洞和致密星团的路径

Pathways to massive black holes and compact star clusters in pre-galactic dark matter haloes with virial temperatures > 10000K

John A. Regan, Martin G. Haehnelt

摘要:

对Tvir~10000 K的前星系DM晕中原子冷却驱动的气体坍缩的大动态范围数值模拟表明,在转动支撑开始之前,气体损失了90%以上的角动量。在这些晕的一小部分中,金属丰度低,紫外线辐射抑制了H_2冷却,因此条件非常有利于大质量黑洞的快速形成。根据金属富集的进展,外部和内部紫外辐射对H_2冷却的持续抑制以及捕获引力能释放产生的熵的能力,预计晕中心的气体将形成超大质量恒星,一个恒星质量的黑洞以超爱丁顿吸积速率吸积,或者一个紧凑的星团经历碰撞运行,远离中心的大质量恒星在这三种情况下,一个初始质量适中的大质量黑洞发现自己处于气体快速流入的中心,流入速率为~1 M太阳\yr。大质量黑洞将因此迅速增长到10^5到10^6太阳质量,直到进一步的流入停止,要么是由于恒星形成消耗气体,要么是由于不断增长的大质量黑洞不断增加的能量和动量反馈。以这种方式形成大质量种子黑洞的条件在T_vir~15000 K和V_vir~20 km \s的晕中是最有利的,其中质量较小的晕不允许通过原子冷却使气体坍缩,而质量较大的晕更容易碎裂。这应该会在银河系前晕中的大质量黑洞种子的早期种群的质谱上留下一个特征质量,这些黑洞种子后来将成长为银河系凸起中观测到的超大质量黑洞种群。

英文摘要:

Large dynamic range numerical simulations of atomic cooling driven collapse of gas in pre-galactic DM haloes with T_vir ~ 10000 K show that the gas loses 90% and more of its angular momentum before rotational support sets in. In a fraction of these haloes where the metallicity is low and UV radiation suppresses H_2 cooling, conditions are thus very favourable for the rapid build-up of massive black holes. Depending on the progression of metal enrichment, the continued suppression of H_2 cooling by external and internal UV radiation and the ability to trap the entropy produced by the release of gravitational energy, the gas at the centre of the halo is expected to form a supermassive star, a stellar-mass black hole accreting at super-Eddington accretion rates or a compact star-cluster undergoing collisional run-away of massive stars at its centre. In all three cases a massive black hole of initially modest mass finds itself at the center of a rapid inflow of gas with inflow rates of ~ 1 M_solar\yr. The massive black hole will thus grow quickly to a mass of 10^5 to 10^6 M_solar until further inflow is halted either by consumption of gas by star formation or by the increasing energy and momentum feedback from the growing massive black hole. Conditions for the formation of massive seed black holes in this way are most favourable in haloes with T_vir ~ 15000 K and V_vir ~ 20 km\s with less massive haloes not allowing collapse of gas by atomic cooling and more massive haloes being more prone to fragmentation. This should imprint a characteristic mass on the mass spectrum of an early population of massive black hole seeds in pre-galactic haloes which will later grow into the observed population of supermassive black holes in galactic bulges.

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