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arXiv 0809.4685hep-thgr-qcquant-ph
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黑洞、量子比特和八元数

Black Holes, Qubits and Octonions

L. Borsten, D. Dahanayake, M. J. Duff, H. Ebrahim, W. Rubens

摘要:

本文综述了最近建立的弦论中的黑洞熵与量子信息理论中的量子比特和量子比特的量子纠缠之间的关系。第一个例子是由三个量子比特的三重纠缠(称为3-纠缠)和N=2超引力的8电荷STU黑洞的熵提供的,这两个都是由[SL(2)]^3不变超行列式给出的,这个量是由凯莱在1845年首次引入的。在吸引子机制和局部蒸馏协议之间存在进一步的关系。在微观水平上,黑洞可以用相交的D3膜来描述,D3膜包裹在六个紧凑的维度T^6周围,提供了对电荷的弦理论解释,我们将三个量子比特的基矢量联系起来,|ABC>(A,B,C=0或1),具有相应的8个缠绕循环。黑洞/量子比特的对应关系可以扩展到56个电荷N=8的黑洞和7个量子比特的三重纠缠,其中的测度由嘉当的E_7子集[SL(2)]^[7]不变量提供。量子位自然地由Fano平面的七个顶点ABCDEFG描述,它提供了七个虚八元数的乘法表,反映了E_7具有O-分次代数的自然结构。这反过来又提供了N=8的56=7 x 8电荷的新的虚八元数解释:24=3 x 8 NS-NS电荷对应于三个虚四元数,32=4 x 8 R-R对应于四个互补的虚八元数。在五维空间中,N=8的黑洞(或黑弦)也与三个量子点(三态系统)的二分纠缠有关,其中类似的度量是Cartan的E_6子集[SL(3)]^3不变量。

英文摘要:

We review the recently established relationships between black hole entropy in string theory and the quantum entanglement of qubits and qutrits in quantum information theory. The first example is provided by the measure of the tripartite entanglement of three qubits, known as the 3-tangle, and the entropy of the 8-charge STU black hole of N=2 supergravity, both of which are given by the [SL(2)]^3 invariant hyperdeterminant, a quantity first introduced by Cayley in 1845. There are further relationships between the attractor mechanism and local distillation protocols. At the microscopic level, the black holes are described by intersecting D3-branes whose wrapping around the six compact dimensions T^6 provides the string-theoretic interpretation of the charges and we associate the three-qubit basis vectors, |ABC> (A,B,C=0 or 1), with the corresponding 8 wrapping cycles. The black hole/qubit correspondence extends to the 56 charge N=8 black holes and the tripartite entanglement of seven qubits where the measure is provided by Cartan's E_7 supset [SL(2)]^7 invariant. The qubits are naturally described by the seven vertices ABCDEFG of the Fano plane, which provides the multiplication table of the seven imaginary octonions, reflecting the fact that E_7 has a natural structure of an O-graded algebra. This in turn provides a novel imaginary octonionic interpretation of the 56=7 x 8 charges of N=8: the 24=3 x 8 NS-NS charges correspond to the three imaginary quaternions and the 32=4 x 8 R-R to the four complementary imaginary octonions. N=8 black holes (or black strings) in five dimensions are also related to the bipartite entanglement of three qutrits (3-state systems), where the analogous measure is Cartan's E_6 supset [SL(3)]^3 invariant.

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