In this paper, we give a proof of the classical Kronecker limit formulas using the distribution relation of the Eisenstein-Kronecker series. Using a similar idea, we then prove $p$-adic analogues of the Kronecker limit formulas for the $p$-adic Eisenstein-Kronecker functions defined in our previous paper.
We give a refinement of the Kronecker-Hurwitz class number relation, based on a tesselation of the Euclidean plane into semi-infinite triangles labeled by $PSL_2(\mathbb{Z})$ that may be of independent interest.
Eisenstein series are real analytic functions which play a central role in spectral theory of the hyperbolic Laplacian. Kronecker limit formulas determine their connection to modular forms. The main result of this work is Theorem 7.2 in which a Kronecker limit formula for a family of non-congruence subgroups associated with the Fermat curves is presented. As an application we can determine the scattering constants for the Fermat curves in Theorem 8.1.
Consider an elliptic curve defined over an imaginary quadratic field $K$ with good reduction at the primes above $p\geq 5$ and has complex multiplication by the full ring of integers $\mathcal{O}_K$ of $K$. In this paper, we construct $p$-adic analogues of the Eisenstein-Kronecker series for such elliptic curve as Coleman functions on the elliptic curve. We then prove $p$-adic analogues of the first and second Kronecker limit formulas by using the distribution relation of the Kronecker theta function.
We develop two applications of the Kronecker's limit formula associated to elliptic Eisenstein series: A factorization theorem for holomorphic modular forms, and a proof of Weil's reciprocity law. Several examples of the general factorization results are computed, specifically for certain moonshine groups, congruence subgroups, and, more generally, non-compact subgroups with one cusp. In particular, we explicitly compute the Kronecker limit function associated to certain elliptic points for a few small level moonshine groups.
The classical Kronecker limit formula gives the constant term of the non-holomorphic Eisenstein series E(z,s) for SL(2,Z) at s=1 in terms of the Dedekind eta function. Here we compute the analagous formula for an Eisenstein series twisted by modular symbols (periods of weight two holomorphic cusp forms) for general Fuchsian groups of the first kind.
Kronecker's first limit formula gives the polar and constant terms of the Laurent series expansion of the Eisenstein series for SL(2,Z) at s=1. In this article, we generalize the formula to certain maximal parabolic Eisenstein series associated to SL(n,Z) for n greater than or equal to 2. We also show how the generalized formula can be used to give the polar and constant terms of the Dedekind zeta function of any number field at s=1.
The classical Kronecker limit formula describes the constant term in the Laurent expansion at the first order pole of the non-holomorphic Eisenstein series associated to the cusp at infinity of the modular group. Recently, the meromorphic continuation and Kronecker limit type formulas were investigated for non-holomorphic Eisenstein series associated to hyperbolic and elliptic elements of a Fuchsian group of the first kind by Jorgenson, Kramer and the first named author. In the present work, we realize averaged versions of all three types of Eisenstein series for $Γ_0(N)$ as regularized theta …
We evaluate the classic sum $\sum_{n\in\mathbb{Z}} e^{-πn^2}$. The novelty of our approach is that it does not require any prior knowledge about modular forms, elliptic functions or analytic continuations. Even the $Γ$ function, in terms of which the result is expressed, only appears as a complex function in the computation of a real integral by the residue theorem. Another contribution of this note is to provide a very simple proof of the Kronecker limit formula.
In Cogdell et al., \it LMS Lecture Notes Series \bf 459, \rm 393--427 (2020), \rm the authors proved an analogue of Kronecker's limit formula associated to any divisor $\mathcal D$ which is smooth in codimension one on any smooth Kähler manifold $X$. In the present article, we apply the aforementioned Kronecker limit formula in the case when $X$ is complex projective space $\CC\PP^n$ for $n \geq 2$ and $\mathcal D$ is a hyperplane, meaning the divisor of a linear form $P_D({z})$ for ${z} = (\mathcal{Z}_{j}) \in \CC\PP^n$. Our main result is an explicit evaluation of the Mahler measure of $P_{D…
We prove an analogue of Kronecker's second limit formula for a continuous family of "indefinite zeta functions". Indefinite zeta functions were introduced in the author's previous paper as Mellin transforms of indefinite theta functions, as defined by Zwegers. Our formula is valid in dimension g=2 at s=1 or s=0. For a choice of parameters obeying a certain symmetry, an indefinite zeta function is a differenced ray class zeta function of a real quadratic field, and its special value at $s=0$ was conjectured by Stark to be a logarithm of an algebraic unit. Our formula also permits practical high…
Let $Γ\subset\mathrm{PSL}_{2}(\mathbb{R})$ be a Fuchsian subgroup of the first kind acting by fractional linear transformations on the upper half-plane $\mathbb{H}$, and let $M=Γ\backslash\mathbb{H}$ be the associated finite volume hyperbolic Riemann surface. Associated to any cusp of $M$, there is the classically studied non-holomorphic (parabolic) Eisenstein series. In 1979, Kudla and Millson studied non-holomorphic (hyperbolic) Eisenstein series associated to any closed geodesic on $Γ\backslash\mathbb{H}$. In 2004, Jorgenson and Kramer introduced so-called elliptic Eisenstein series associa…
We establish a general Kronecker limit formula of arbitrary rank over global function fields with Drinfeld period domains playing the role of upper-half plane. The Drinfeld-Siegel units come up as equal characteristic modular forms replacing the classical $Δ$. This leads to analytic means of deriving a Colmez-type formula for "stable Taguchi height" of CM Drinfeld modules having arbitrary rank. A Lerch-Type formula for "totally real" function fields is also obtained, with the Heegner cycle on the Bruhat-Tits buildings intervene. Also our limit formula is naturally applied to the special values…
Let $ζ(s,C)$ be the partial zeta function attached to a ray class C of a real quadratic field. We study this zeta function at s=1 and s=0, combining some ideas and methods due to Zagier and Shintani. The main results are (1) a generalization of Zagier's formula for the constant term of the Laurent expansion at s=1, (2) some expressions for the value and the first derivative at s=0, related to the theory of continued fractions, and (3) a simple description of the behavior of Shintani's invariant X(C), which is related to $ζ'(0,C)$, when we change the signature of C.
First, we recount a history of how certain methods using natural self-adjoint operators have, thus far, failed to prove the Riemann Hypothesis. In Section 2, we set the analytical context necessary to have genuine proofs in later sections, rather than attractive heuristics. In Section 3, we recall the utility of designed pseudo-Laplacians by reproving meromorphic continuation of certain Eisenstein series and proving a spacing result for zeros of $ζ_k(s)$ for $k$ a complex quadratic field with negative determinant. In Section 4, we construct an automorphic Hamiltonian which has purely discrete …
We present a new explicit formula for the $m$-th Bernoulli number $B_m$, which involves two integer parameters $a$ and $n$ with $0\le a\le m\le n$. If we set $a=0$ and $n=m$, then the formula reduces to the celebrated Kronecker formula for $B_m$. We give two proofs of our formula. One is analytic and uses a certain function in two variables. The other is algebraic and is motivated by a topological consideration of self-intersections of curves on an oriented surface.
In 1984 Rohrlich proved a modular analogue of Jensen's formula. Under certain conditions, the Rohrlich-Jensen formula expresses an integral of the log-norm $\log \Vert f \Vert$ of a $\text{\rm PSL}(2,\ZZ)$ modular form $f$ in terms of the Dedekind Delta function evaluated at the divisor of $f$. Recently, Bringmann-Kane re-interpreted the Rohrlich-Jensen formula as evaluating a regularized inner product of $\log \Vert f \Vert$ and extended the result to compute a regularized inner product of $\log \Vert f \Vert$ with what amounts to powers of the Hauptmoduli of $\text{\rm PSL}(2,\ZZ)$. In the p…
We investigate the distribution of large positive (and negative) values of the Euler-Kronecker constant $γ_{\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt D)}$ of the quadratic field $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})$ as $D$ varies over fundamental discriminants $|D|\leq x$. We show that the distribution function of these values is very well approximated by that of an adequate probabilistic random model in a large uniform range. The main tools are an asymptotic formula for the Laplace transform of $γ_{\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt D)}$ together with a careful saddle point analysis.
Let $X$ be a smooth, compact, projective Kähler variety and $D$ be a divisor of a holomorphic form $F$, and assume that $D$ is smooth up to codimension two. Let $ω$ be a Kähler form on $X$ and $K_{X}$ the corresponding heat kernel which is associated to the Laplacian that acts on the space of smooth functions on $X$. Using various integral transforms of $K_{X}$, we will construct a meromorphic function in a complex variable $s$ whose special value at $s=0$ is the log-norm of $F$ with respect to $μ$. In the case when $X$ is the quotient of a symmetric space, then the function we construct is a …
For any square-free integer $N$ such that the "moonshine group" $Γ_0(N)^+$ has genus zero, the Monstrous Moonshine Conjectures relate the Hauptmoduli of $Γ_0(N)^+$ to certain McKay-Thompson series associated to the representation theory of the Fischer-Griess monster group. In particular, the Hauptmoduli admits a $q$-expansion which has integer coefficients. In this article, we study the holomorphic function theory associated to higher genus moonshine groups $Γ_0(N)^+$. For all moonshine groups of genus up to and including three, we prove that the corresponding function field admits two generat…
Let K/F be a quadratic extension of number fields. After developing a theory of the Eisenstein series over F, we prove a formula which expresses a partial zeta function of K as a certain integral of the Eisenstein series. As an application, we obtain a limit formula of Kronecker's type which relates the 0-th Laurent coefficients at s=1 of zeta functions of K and F.
In this expository paper, we review the formula of Chowla and Selberg for the periods of elliptic curves with complex multiplication, and discuss two methods of proof. One uses Kronecker's limit formula and the other uses the geometry of a family of abelian varieties. We discuss a generalization of this formula, which was proposed by Colmez, as well as some explicit Hodge cycles which appear in the geometric proof.
We prove that the generating function of overpartition $M2$-rank differences is, up to coefficient signs, a component of the vector-valued mock Eisenstein series attached to a certain quadratic form. We use this to compute analogs of the class number relations for $M2$-rank differences. As applications we split the Kronecker-Hurwitz relation into its "even" and "odd" parts and calculate sums over Hurwitz class numbers of the form $\sum_{r \in \mathbb{Z}} H(n - 2r^2)$.
The main goal of this paper is to prove a formula that expresses the limit behaviour of Dedekind zeta functions for $\Re s > 1/2$ in families of number fields, assuming that the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis holds. This result can be viewed as a generalization of the Brauer--Siegel theorem. As an application we obtain a limit formula for Euler--Kronecker constants in families of number fields.
Let $E(z,s)$ be the non-holomorphic Eisenstein series for the modular group $SL(2,{\mathbb Z})$. The classical Kronecker limit formula shows that the second term in the Laurent expansion at $s=1$ of $E(z,s)$ is essentially the logarithm of the Dedekind eta function. This eta function is a weight $1/2$ modular form and Dedekind expressed its multiplier system in terms of Dedekind sums. Building on work of Goldstein, we extend these results from the modular group to more general Fuchsian groups $Γ$. The analogue of the eta function has a multiplier system that may be expressed in terms of a map …
In this paper we prove a formula, much in the spirit of one due to Rubin, which expresses the leading coefficients of various p-adic L-functions in the presence of an exceptional zero in terms of Nekovar's p-adic height pairings on his extended Selmer groups. In a particular case, the Rubin-style formula we prove recovers a p-adic Kronecker limit formula. In a disjoint case, we observe that our computations with Nekovar's heights agree with the Ferrero- Greenberg formula (more generally, Gross' conjectural formula) for the leading coefficient of the Kubota-Leopoldt p-adic L-function (resp., th…
In this paper, we give a two dimensional analogue of the Euler-MacLaurin summation formula. By using this formula, we obtain an integral representation of Weil's elliptic functions which was introduced in the book "Elliptic functions according to Eisenstein and Kronecker".
In this paper, we will give a certain formula for the Riemann zeta function that expresses the Riemann zeta function by an infinte series consisting of $K$-Bessel functions. Such an infinite series expression can be regarded as an analogue of the Chowla-Selberg formula. Roughly speaking, the Chowla-Selberg formula is the formula that expresses the Epstein zeta-function by an infinite series consisting of $K$-Bessel functions. In addition, we also give certain analogues of the Chowla-Selberg formula for Dirichlet $L$-functions and $L$-functions associated with holomorphic cusp forms. Moreover, …