Comment on 'A neutrino's wobble?'
英文摘要:
Comment on P. Walker, Nature 453 (2008) 864, http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v453/n7197/full/453864a.html
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Carlo Giunti
Comment on P. Walker, Nature 453 (2008) 864, http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v453/n7197/full/453864a.html
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We comment on ``Linking solar and long baseline terrestrial neutrino experiments''
This Comment corrects an erroneous remark by Stadnik in a recent paper to the effect that many-body neutrino-mediated forces are suppressed in all types of stars.
This comment is withdrawn
A number of misleading or incorrect comments by C.Giunti on seven arXiv preprints that I have written on the theory of neutrino oscillations are discussed. The essential new features of my approach are also briefly reviewed
I comment on a recent preprint "Neutrino Velocity Anomalies: A Resolution without a Revolution" that appeared recently as arXiv:1110.0989 [hep-ph]
Existing data on neutrino-electron scattering do not imply that neutrinos are not Majorana particles. The question of whether neutrinos are of Majorana or of Dirac character remains completely open.
I discuss some problems connected with the high precision study of neutrino oscillations. In the general case of $n$-neutrino mixing I derive a convenient expression for transition probability in which only independent terms (and mass-squared differences) enter. For three-neutrino mixing I discuss a problem of a definition of a large (atmospheric) neutrino mass-squared difference. I comment also possibilities to reveal the character of neutrino mass spectrum in future reactor neutrino experiments.
The so-called equal velocity prescription for neutrino oscillations is forbidden kinematically.
Recently, our work regarding the definition of oscillating neutrino states in Eur. Phys. J. C 80: 68 (2020), arxiv:1902.01232 [hep-ph] has been commented upon in arXiv:2004.04739 [hep-ph]. In this note we show that, contrary to the claim in the comment, our above-mentioned work cannot be reproduced in the scheme of the so-called flavour Fock space approach described in the comment. Moreover, we prove explicitly that a flavour Fock space cannot exist in a model with massive mixed neutrinos. If the flavour Fock space scheme were viable, it would necessarily lead, as a consequence of Coleman's th…
We consider the problem of determination of the neutrino mass ordering via precise study of the vacuum neutrino oscillations in the JUNO and other future medium baseline reactor neutrino experiments. We are proposing to resolve neutrino mass ordering by determination of the neutrino oscillation parameters from analysis of the data of the reactor experiments and comparison them with the oscillation parameters obtained from analysis of the solar and KamLAND experiments.
We point out that the assumption of Lorentz noninvariance examined recently by Coleman and Glashow leads to neutrino flavor oscillations which are phenomenologically equivalent to those obtained by assuming the neutrinos violate the principle of equivalence. We then comment on the limits on Lorentz noninvariance which can be derived from solar, atmospheric, and accelerator neutrino experiments.
We briefly report on a study intended to help shape the future of neutrino physics -- an area to which Professor Gustavo Branco has made distinguished contributions.
In arXiv:2209.00561 our treatment arXiv:2208.03736 of effects of particles emitted together with neutrinos on neutrino wave packets is criticized on several grounds. We show here that this criticism is based on misinterpretation of our results and is invalid. Our conclusions and, in particular, the conclusion that neutrino wave packet separation effects are unobservable in reactor and neutrino source experiments, remain unchanged.
We discuss the implications of the time-energy uncertainty relation to recoillessly emitted and captured neutrinos (Mossbauer neutrinos) and show that it does not preclude oscillations of these neutrinos, contrary to a recent claim (J. Phys. G35 (2008) 095003, arXiv:0803.0527).
We consider the effect of thermal broadening of the $^7$Be neutrino on vacuum oscillation solutions of the solar neutrino problem and analyze the conditions under which the electron-neutrino survival probability must be averaged over neutrino energy. For "just-so" solutions with $Δm^2$ of order $5 \times 10^{-11}~{\rm eV}^2$ averaging is not necessary, but for much larger values, it is. We analyze the effective broadening due to the extended production region in the Sun and find similar results. We also comment on the possibility of seasonal variations of the $^7$Be neutrino signal.
Recently Hall, Murayama and Weiner (Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (2000) 2572, [hep-ph/9911341]) claimed that neutrino oscillation data are well accounted for by a neutrino mass matrix which appears to have random entries. Here this claim is disputed by constructing a specific counter example. Structure in the neutrino mass matrix is clearly preferred over random matrices.
We argue that the inclusion of the flavour-changing charged currents in the analysis of the Charm II data on neutrino- electron scattering could substantially change a fit of the effective couplings and makes impossible to draw any final conclusion on the Dirac or Majorana nature of neutrinos.
The definition of `lepton flavour eigenstates' introduced in a recent paper hep-ph/0302045 is in disagreement with the Standard Model prediction for the structure of the leptonic charged current and implies the absence of neutrino oscillations following pion decay, in contradiction to experimental data
We note that the central value of the KATRIN measurement has negative mass squared, and wonder why the statistical analysis excludes such values a priori.
The ``Comment'' presented in hep-ph/0303188 is not even wrong: Fujikawa and Shrock miss entirely the crucial point that the observable quantity associated with the neutrino charge radius (NCR) is not given by the (off-shell) one-loop vertex $γ^{*}νν$ dictated by the Feynman diagrams in the $R_ξ$ gauge-fixing scheme.
I describe an attempt to understand the significance of the atmospheric neutrino deficit observed by the Kamiokande neutrino detector. In particular, I am concerned with the statistical significance quoted for the zenith-angle dependence of the deficit, which has been cited as evidence for neutrino flavor oscillations free of systematic uncertainties.
Comments related to reading the paper "Static quantities of the $W$ boson in the $SU_L(3)\times U_X(1)$ model with right-handed neutrinos", hep-ph/0312308 (by J. L. Garcia-Luna et al) are given. They do not concern the main results of the paper but a statement there about the Higgs sector of the 331 model with right-handed neutrinos. The scalar sextet introduced here may help us to generate neutrino masses in an acceptable range.
We point out some serious mistakes in the investigation of Zhukovskii et al. Both the amplitude and the probability of the process were calculated wrongly, that is, the problem of the neutrino pair production by a virtual photon in an external magnetic field is still unsolved.
We comment on the paper ``Remarks on flavor-neutrino propagators and oscillation formulae'' [Phys. Rev. D64, 013011 (2001)]. We show that the conclusions presented in that paper do not apply to the exact field theoretical oscillation formulae obtained in the BV formalism (for three flavors) which are free from the dependence on arbitrary mass parameters, account for CP violation and reduce to the usual quantum mechanical (Pontecorvo) three flavor oscillation formulae in the relativistic limit.
We investigate the implications of a possible excess of the electron neutrino events in the Super-Kamiokande atmospheric neutrino experiment. The excess, if real, leads to constraints on the $ν_μ\leftrightarrow ν_e$, $ν_μ\leftrightarrow ν_τ$ and $ν_e \leftrightarrow ν_τ$ oscillation parameters. Specifically, the excess impies that $ν_e - ν_μ$ and $ν_μ- ν_τ$ mixings are large and $ν_e - ν_τ$ mixing is small. We show that the electron neutrino excess favors the large mixing angle MSW solution of the solar neutrino problem.
D. Borah and B. Karmakar in Phys. Lett. B789 (2019) have proposed an A4 flavoured linear seesaw model to realise light Dirac neutrinos. In this comment article, we show that some neutrino Yukawa interactions were missed in the model, thus implying that a different formula would be needed to determine the effective neutrino mass matrix, with significantly different results. Our result shows that, unlike stated in Phys. Lett. B789 (2019), that the inverted neutrino mass spectrum is not ruled out.
Comment on "Neutrino oscillations originate from virtual excitation of $Z$ bosons" and "Neutrinos produced from $β$ decays of neutrons cannot be in coherent superpositions of different mass eigenstates"
本文针对arxiv:2407.00954提出的“常规质量混合的中微子振荡受能量守恒禁止、振荡源于虚Z玻色子交换”及arxiv:2410.03133的重复论断,论证其均不正确。
A mechanism of radiatively generating neutrino masses is implemented in an SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y x SU(2)'_L x U(1)'_Y model, where the first and second families respect SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y while SU(2)'_L x U(1)'_Y is specific for the third family. The fourth neutrino, nu_s, that has a U(1)_Y x U(1)'_Y coupling joins in the model to induce neutrino mixings by additional interactions with e and mu. The phenomenologically consistent oscillation of nu_s - nu_e requires a dominated coupling of nu_s to e.
It has been suggested that the temporal oscillations in the rate of decay of Pr ions reported in the GSI K-capture experiment arise from interference between different values of the momentum of the Pr ions. It is shown here that any such interference cannot contribute to the decay rate of those ions.
As pointed out previously, some of the hypotheses used in the standard discussion of the quantum mechanics neutrino oscillations, recently summarised in the paper `Theory of Neutrino Oscillations' by C.Giunti, lack any physical foundation and lead to neglect of both a factor of two correction in the contribution of neutrino propagation to the oscillation phase and an important contribution to the latter from the propagator of the source particle.
We show that a criticism made in hep-ph/0610294 against our paper Mod. Phys. Lett. A21, 1769 (2006) has no ground. We confirm that all results of investigations of the so-called ``spin light of neutrino (SL ν)'' are incorrect because of the medium influence on photon dispersion. With taking account of this influence, both the SL νradiation rate and the total power are zero for neutrinos in all real astrophysical conditions.
We point out three apparent inconsistencies in the treatment of oscillation coherence from reactor neutrino and source neutrino experiments in recent paper "Damping of neutrino oscillations, decoherence and the lengths of neutrino wave packets''. First, that the dependence of the oscillation probability upon the subsequent interactions of entangled recoil particles implies causality violations and in some situations superluminal signaling; second, that integrating over a non-orthogonal basis for the entangled recoil leads to unphysical effects; and third, that the question of what interactions…
We discuss the physics potential of future tritium beta-decay experiments having a sensitivity to a neutrino mass ~\sqrt{|Δm^{2}_{23}|}~5x10^{-2} eV. The case of three-neutrino mixing is analised. A negative result of such an experiment would imply that the neutrino mass spectrum is of normal hierarchical type. The interpretation of a positive result would depend on the value of the lightest neutrino mass; if the lightest neutrino mass satisfies the inequality min(m_j) << \sqrt{|Δm^{2}_{23}|}, it would imply that the neutrino mass spectrum is of the inverted hierarchical type.
We show in a simple and general way that matter effects do not contribute to the averaged value of the probabilities of transition of solar $ν_e$'s into other states in the case of maximal mixing of any number of massive neutrinos. We also show that future solar neutrino experiments (Super-Kamiokande and SNO) will allow to test the model with maximal mixing of three massive neutrinos in a way that does not depend on the initial solar neutrino flux.
Using the family symmetry, in the neutrino mass matrix we remove the Yukawa coupling (arising in the Dirac type mass between the heavy neutrinos and light lepton doublets) dependence in the double seesaw mechanism so that it is directly proportional to the mass matrix $m^{(nn)}$ of heavy Majorana neutrinos. The family symmetry is supposed to be broken spontaneously at high energy scale so that the neutrino mass matrix is given by the family symmetry at high energy scale. With the permutation symmetry $S_3$, we note a variety of possible mass hierarchies arising distinctly in neutrinos, charged…
Several authors have pointed out that the scalar-mediated interaction of neutrinos in a neutriophilic two-Higgs-doublet model (nu2HDM) can be as strong as electromagnetic interaction [1-3]. We show that the coupling constants of neutrino-scalar interaction are actually restricted to be y_i < 1.5 x 10^{-3} by supernova neutrino observation, and further constrained to be y_i < 2.3 x 10^{-4} by precision measurements of acoustic peaks of the cosmic microwave background. Based on the energy-loss argument for supernova cores, we derive a slightly more restrictive bound y_i < 3.5 x 10^{-5}. Therefor…
We revisit the calculation of the three-loop diagrams for the radiative neutrino mass generation and consider some relevant constraints on the model recently proposed by L. Jin {\it et al} [Phys. Lett. B 741 (2015) 163]. We find that the previous approximation is inappropriate due to the neglect of some important contributions, and the benchmark point proposed can neither give rise to enough neutrino masses nor accommodate these additional constraints, such as the validity of the perturbation theory, the electroweak precision measurements, and the neutrinoless double beta decays.
It has been recently suggested in hep-ph/9911535 and hep-ph/0006324 that the fourth generation of leptons and quarks is not excluded by the precision Z-boson measurements, provided that the mass of the fourth neutrino is around 50 GeV and that its mixing with the neutrinos of the first three generations is negligibly small. We would like to note that in this case the decay rate of the Standard Model Higgs boson into the pair of such neutrinos would be about two orders of magnitude higher than than the Higgs to b-bbar rate. Thus, the predominant decay mode of the Higgs would be invisible, which…
We comment on a recent article by Yoo et al. that presents an analysis of Super-Kamiokande 10-day and 5-day data, correcting certain errors in that article. We also point out that, in using the Lomb-Scargle method of power spectrum analysis, Yoo et al. ignore much of the relevant data. A likelihood analysis, that can take account of all of the relevant data, yields evidence indicative of modulation by solar processes.
Recently, in ref. \cite{A4Datta} Datta et al. [arXiv:2106.06773] proposed an $A_4$ flavor symmetric model supplemented by $Z_2\times Z_3$ symmetry which can accommodate the appropriate lepton mixing and neutrino masses via Type-I seesaw mechanism. They have constructed a minimal model with only one $SU(2)_L$ doublet scalar and six flavons that generate a specific flavor structure, favors the normal hierarchy of light neutrinos and narrows down the range of Dirac CP violating phase. Taking into account the contribution of all invariant terms, under all symmetries, is very important in the model…
In [Phys. Lett. B 780, 216 (2018)], Capolupo et al. calculate the noncyclic geometric phases associated with neutrino flavor transitions in the two-neutrino scenario, and claim that the results depend on the choice of representations of neutrino mixing matrix thus can be use to distinguish between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos. In this paper, we show that their calculation is flawed due to incorrect application of the definition of noncyclic geometric phase and the omission of one term in Wolfenstein effective Hamiltonian. Their results are neither gauge invariant nor lepton field rephasing inv…
In the preprint arXiv:2110.08210, some comments on our paper recently published in JHEP \textbf{09} (2021) 053 have been made. Since some of the comments are completely wrong and others are quite misleading, we decide to clarify the relevant issues in a formal reply. First of all, nothing is wrong about our calculations and physical results in the original paper. Second, there is no logical gap to fill at all. The fact that the $N$-dimensional unitary group over the field of complex numbers ${\rm U}(N,\mathbb{C})$ is not a linear algebraic group is actually irrelevant for the validity of the M…
I point out that the sterile neutrinos suggested as candidates of "cool" Dark Matter will decay through their mixing with light neutrinos. This leads to an upper bound of about 200 keV on the mass of the sterile neutrinos, but might facilitate their detection.
In the extension of the Dimopoulos--Hall--Raby model of the fermion mass matrices to the neutrino sector, there is an entry in the up-quark and neutrino Dirac mass matrices which can be assumed to arise from the Yukawa coupling of a {\bf 120}, instead of a {\bf 10} or a {\bf 126}, of SO(10). Although this assumption leads to an extra undetermined complex parameter in the model, the resulting lepton mixing matrix exhibits the remarkable feature that the $ ν_τ $ does not mix with the other two neutrinos. Making a reasonable assumption about the extra parameter, we are able to fit the large-mixin…
In a recent paper I concluded that the neutrino background is important for calculating neutrino flavor evolution in supernovae, and including it weakens the connection between r-process nucleosynthesis and cosmologically relevant neutrino masses. Comments on this paper have been posted to this bulletin board; one by J. Cline and the other by Y.Z. Qian and G.M. Fuller. Here I briefly discuss these Comments and demonstrate that they are inaccurate and ill-considered. No corrections to my paper are necessary.
The evidence for $ν_μ$ disappearance in the Super-Kamiokande atmospheric neutrino experiment and the negative searches for $ν_e$ disappearance in the CHOOZ reactor experiment can be easily reconciled by assuming oscillations with large amplitude in the $ν_μ\leftrightarrowν_τ$ channel and small (or null) amplitude in the $ν_μ\leftrightarrowν_e$ channel. It has been claimed, however, that some oscillation scenarios with large $ν_μ\leftrightarrowν_e$ mixing can also be constructed in agreement with the present data. We investigate quantitatively two such scenarios: (a) threefold maximal mixing; a…
In Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 091804 (2009) [arXiv:0903.0787], R.S. Raghavan claims that due to motional averaging by lattice vibrations, 18.6 keV electron antineutrinos emitted/captured without recoil from 2-body decay in the 3H/3He system embedded in Nb metal will be observable with natural width. In this comment we argue that 1) stochastic relaxation processes and 2) inhomogeneities in the metal matrices will prevent the generation of antineutrinos with natural width in the 3H/3He system, 3) the different lattice-deformation energies of 3H and 3He in the Nb matrix will drastically decrease the f…
The helicity changing Cerenkov radiation in a supernova core was used earlier to put a restrictive bound on the neutrino magnetic moment. Subsequently it was pointed out, that this result was based on a numerical error in the calculationn of the refractive index of the SN core and using the correct numbers it was shown that the photons in a SN core do not have a space-like dispersion relation, so the Cerenkov process would not occur. Here we show that the earlier estimate of refractive index was based on the thermodynamic formula for susceptibility which is inapplicable for real photons or pla…
A reasonably short antineutrino run using OPERA and/or MINOS may test J. Franklin's explanation of recently claimed $ν_μ$ superluminality.
Comment on "Quantum coherence between mass eigenstates of a neutrino cannot be destroyed by its mass-momentum entanglement"
本文针对arXiv:2411.01190对作者此前arXiv:2410.21850中中微子质量本征态相干性结论的质疑作出回应,澄清对方两项指控均不成立,指出其论证源于误读且忽略波包有限尺寸、探测器大体积的关键事实。
We argue that the result quoted by the OPERA Collaboration cannot be interpreted as simply related to the muon neutrino moving at a superluminal velocity from the point of creation at CERN to the point of interaction at LNGS.
We discussed how neutrino masses and oscillations are radiatively generated in an $SU(3)_L$ $\times$ $U(1)_N$ gauge model with a symmetry based on $L_e-L_μ-L_τ$ ($\equiv$$L^\prime$). The model is characterized by lepton triplets $ψ^i=(ν^i,\ell^{-i},E^{-i})$, where $E^{-i}$ are negatively charged heavy leptons, an $SU(3)_L$ triplet Higgs scalar $ξ$ and a singlet Higgs scalar $k^{++}$. These Higgs scalars can be interpreted as a Zee's and Zee-Babu's scalar for radiative mechanisms. We demonstrated that the mass hierarchy of $Δm_{atm}^2$ $\gg$ $Δm_\odot^2$ arise as a consequence of the dynamical …
Comments on "On the Dirac-Majorana neutrinos distinction in four-body decays" (arXiv:2305.14140 [hep-ph], Phys. Rev. D 109, no.3, 033005 (2024))
本文指出 arXiv:2305.14140 对辐射轻子衰变中背靠背运动学构型的分析存在错误,导致其关于区分中微子 Dirac 和 Majorana 性质的结论无效。
It has been suggested that the reported temporal oscillations in the weak decay of H-like ions circulating in the GSI storage ring may be accounted for by interference between two different momentum components of the wave function of the parent ions. In that model, the interference is said to come about through coupling of those two momentum components to the two mass components in the wave function of the electron neutrino in the decayed state. I show here that quantum mechanics allows no such interference to contribute to the reported oscillation of the decay rate. The central issue is that …
Reply to Comment on "Neutrino oscillations originate from virtual excitation of Z bosons" and "Neutrinos produced from $β$ decays of neutrons cannot be in coherent superpositions of different mass eigenstates"
该文回应 Cline 的评论,强调中微子质量与其他自由度的量子纠缠会破坏质量本征态间的相干性,从而维护其关于中微子振荡与 β 衰变中微子态的论点。
The authors of a recent paper, "Ultrahigh-Energy Neutrino-Nucleon Deep-Inelastic Scattering and the Froissart Bound", A. Illarianov, B. Kniehl and A. Kotikov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 231802 (2011), derive an approximate formula for the UHE limit of $σ_{νN}(s)$ in a class of models that includes our own and assert that they are led "to the important observation that $σ_{BBT}^{νN} \propto ln^3s$, which manifestly violates the Froissart bound [2] in contrast to what is stated in Refs. [6-8]", the latter reference being to our work and the $σ_{BBT}^{νN}$ to the cross sections we reported there. We h…
Comment on arXiv:2510.21705 "Fundamental Impossibility of a Superradiant Neutrino Laser" and comment on arXiv:2510.21692 "Can Bose-Einstein Condensates Enhance Radioactive Decay?"
本文针对两篇arXiv预印本发表评论,指出中微子截面极小,实验室中不存在超辐射现象。
Comment on "Unruh effect for neutrinos interacting with accelerated matter"
本文指出Dvornikov论文中关于中微子与加速物质的Unruh效应方程存在错误,纠正了有效外部电流的定义并重新推导了相关微分方程。
In a recent Letter, Kusenko and Segre proposed a new mechanism to explain the observed proper motions of pulsars. Their mechanism was based on the asymmetric neutrino emission induced by neutrino oscillations in the protoneutron star magnetic field. In this note I point out that their estimate of the asymmetry in the neutrino emission is incorrect. A proper calculation shows that their mechanism at least requires a magnetic field of 10**16 G in order to produce the observed average pulsar velocity.
The neutrino flux used in Becker-Szendy {\em et al.}\cite{BZ} is now known to be in error. Becker-Szendy {\em et al.}\cite{BZ} depended heavily on the Lee and Koh flux\cite{LeeKoh} which was noted as erroneous in Gaisser {\em et al.}\cite{Bug}. This makes the results of Becker-Szendy {\em et al.}\cite{BZ} unreliable.
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