We study the phenomenon of macroscopic quantum tunneling (MQT) in a finite size Josephson junction (JJ) with an externally applied magnetic field. As it is well known, the problem of MQT in a point-like JJ is reduced to the study of the under-barrier motion of a quantum particle in the washboard potential. In the case of a finite size JJ placed in magnetic field, this problem is considerably more complex since, besides the phase, the potential itself, depends on space variables. We find the general expressions both for the crossover temperature $T_{0}$ between thermally activated and macroscopic quantum tunneling regimes and the escape time $τ_{\mathrm{esc}}$. It turns out that in proximity of particular values of magnetic field the crossover temperature can vary non-monotonically.
Comparative study of macroscopic quantum tunneling in Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_y intrinsic Josephson junctions with different device structures
研究了两种器件结构的$_2$ $_2$ O $_y$本征约瑟夫森结(IJJ)的宏观量子隧穿(MQT).一种是只有两个或三个IJJ的纳米厚小台面结构,另一种是在窄桥结构上堆叠数百个IJJ。实验结果表明,对于单约瑟夫森结,从零电压状态开始的第一次开关事件的开关电流分布与传统理论吻合较好,表明前一种器件结构从热激活到MQT区的交叉温度与后一种器件结构一样高。结合MQT机制中量子化能级之间的多光子跃迁的观察,这些结果强烈地表明,所观察到的MQT行为是高$T_c$铜酸盐中单个IJJ所固有的,与器件结构无关。从第一电阻状态的第二切换事件的切换电流分布,这是仔细区分从第一切换,也比较了两个器件结构之间。尽管在热传递环境的差异,两个设备的第二切换事件被发现显示出类似的温度无关的行为高达比第一切换的交叉温度高得多的温度。我们认为,它不能解释的自加热由于耗散电流后的第一次切换。作为可能的候选者,MQT过程的第二开关和电子温度的有效增加,由于准粒子注入进行了讨论。
Theory of Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling in High-T_c c-Axis Josephson Junctions
研究了高温超导体c轴扭曲约瑟夫森结中的宏观量子隧穿,以阐明各向异性序参量对称性对宏观量子隧穿的影响.利用泛函积分和反弹方法计算了MQT速率对绕c轴扭转角$γ$的依赖关系。由于d波OPS,$γ$的开关电流分布的标准偏差和交叉温度从热激活到MQT的依赖性被发现,分别由$\cos2γ$和$\sqrt{\cos2γ}$。我们还表明,从节点准粒子激发MQT的耗散效应是可以忽略不计的小,这是符合最近的MQT实验使用Bi ${}_2$ Sr ${}_2$钙铜${}_2$ O ${}_{8 + δ}$本征结。这些结果表明,c轴扭转结中的MQT是一种有效的测试高温超导材料低温光功率谱的实验工具,并表明这种结在量子比特应用中具有很大的潜力。
Breakdown of the escape dynamics in Josephson junctions
我们发现了高临界电流密度Jc的约瑟夫森结中零电压态的逃逸率的反常行为。在这项研究中,我们采用了YBa 2Cu 3 O 7-x晶界结,它跨越了广泛的Jc,并有适当的电动力学参数。这种高Jc结,当滞后时,不按照预期的随机约瑟夫森分布从超导切换到正常状态,尽管具有标准的约瑟夫森特性,例如夫琅和费磁场图案。开关电流分布(SCD)是一致的非平衡动力学发生在当地,而不是一个全球范围内。这意味着,宏观量子现象似乎是实际上无法实现的高Jc结。我们认为,SCD是一个准确的手段来衡量非平衡效应。这种从全局到局部动力学的转变与所有类型的弱连接都相关,包括纳米混合约瑟夫森结的新兴家族。因此,在使用这种结时应该谨慎,例如,寻找马约拉纳费米子。
Thermal fluctuations in moderately damped Josephson junctions: Multiple escape and retrapping, switching- and return-current distributions and hysteresis
Quantum and classical resonant escapes of a strongly-driven Josephson junction
本文研究了直流SQUID在25 mK(远低于量子-经典交叉温度$T_{cr}$)强共振交流驱动下的相位逃逸特性。SQUID包含两个Nb/Al-AlO $_{x} $ /Nb隧道结,其约瑟夫森电感远大于回路电感,因此其可被视为具有可调临界电流的单个结。我们发现,随着微波功率的增加$W$和在一定的频率$ν$和$ν$ /2,在开关电流分布,\textrm{which is the result of macroscopic quantum tunneling of the phase across the junction}的单一主峰,首先向低偏置电流$I$,然后共振峰的发展。这些结果解释了量子共振相位逃逸涉及单光子和双光子微波抑制势垒。随着$W$进一步增加,主峰逐渐消失,并且共振峰增长为单个共振峰,同时进一步向较低的$I$移动。在一定的$W$处,出现第二共振峰,根据$ν$的值,其可以位于非常低的$I$处。基于经典运动方程的分析表明,这种共振峰可能是由于非线性系统的分岔导致相位粒子以极大振幅共振逃逸而产生的。我们的实验结果和理论分析表明,在$T\ll T_{cr}$中,相粒子的逃逸可以由经典过程控制,如强交流驱动下非线性系统的动力学分岔。
Comparative Study of First and Second Switches with Nearly Identical Switching Current in Bi$_2$Sr$_2$Ca$_{0.85}$Y$_{0.15}$Cu$_2$O$_y$ Intrinsic Josephson Junctions
研究了Bi $_2$ Sr $_2$ Ca $_{0.85}$ Y $_{0.15}$ Cu $_2$ O $_y$本征约瑟夫森结中开关电流$I_{\rm SW}$几乎相同的第一开关和第二开关.与早期研究中观察到的$I_{\rm SW}^{\rm 1st}$和$I_{\rm SW}^{\rm 2nd}$之间的较大差异相反,对于第二SW,到量子相逃逸的交叉温度$T_{\rm cr}$被强烈降低$(\sim$ 2.8~K),并且与第一SW的情况一致。这证实了在具有$I_{\rm SW}^{\rm 1st} < I_{\rm SW}^{\rm 2nd}$的IJJ中通常观察到的$T_{\rm cr}^{\rm 2nd}$的异常增强,对微波诱导逃逸的详细分析表明,IJs中可能存在非线性分叉现象。
Sensitive photon detection in the gigahertz band constitutes the cornerstone to study different phenomena in astronomy, such as radio burst sources, galaxy formation, cosmic microwave background, axions, comets, gigahertz-peaked spectrum radio sources and supermassive black holes. Nowadays, state of the art detectors for astrophysics are mainly based on transition edge sensors and kinetic inductance detectors. Overall, most sensible nanobolometers so far are superconducting detectors showing a noise equivalent power (NEP) as low as 2x10-20 W/Hz1/2. Yet, fast thermometry at the nanoscale was de…
Switching Current Measurements of EuBa2Cu3Oy Intrinsic Josephson Junctions
研究了两种不同各向异性参数γ(=(m*c/m*ab)1/2)的EuBa 2 Cu 3 O y(Eu 123)本征约瑟夫森结(IJJs)的开关动力学.与Bi 2212中的弱耦合IJJ相比,由于Eu 123 IJJ的强耦合性质,在它们的开关电流分布P(I)中观察到了与单堆约瑟夫森结的热激活逃逸模型的显著偏离。这表明在高温液态He中观察到宏观量子隧穿。
Enhanced Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling in Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$ Intrinsic Josephson Junction Stacks
我们用微波辐射研究了Bi $_2$ Sr $_2$ CaCu $_2$ O $_{8+δ}$本征约瑟夫森结在毫开尔文温度下的宏观量子隧穿.测量结果表明,均匀切换N结堆的逃逸率是约$N^2$倍高于具有相同的等离子体频率的单个结。我们认为,这种巨大的增强堆栈中的宏观量子隧穿率是由电流的波动,发生在由环境的阻抗加载的结的串联阵列。
Experiments on the distributions of switching currents in Josephson junctions are sensitive probes of the mechanism by which a junction changes abruptly to a finite voltage state. At low temperatures data exhibit smooth and gradual deviations from the expectations of the classical theory of thermal activation over the barrier in the tilted washboard potential. In this paper it is shown that if a very small proportion of the noise energy entering the apparatus at room temperature survives filtering and reaches the sample, it can enhance the escape rate sufficiently to replicate experimental obs…