Recently Kazama and Yokoi (arXiv:0801.1561 [hep-th]) have used a phase-space method to study the Virasoro algebra of type IIB superstring theory in the maximally supersymmetric R-R plane wave background in a semi-light-cone gauge. Two types of normal ordering have been considered, namely "phase space normal ordering" (PNO) and "massless normal ordering" (MNO). The second one, which is the right one to choose in flat background, has been discarded with the argument that the Virasoro algebra closes only in the first case. To understand this issue better with a completely covariant treatment we consider the easiest case of bosonic strings propagating in an arbitrary pp-wave of the simplest kind. Using the phase-space method we show that MNO is in fact the right one to choose because of the following reason. For both types of normal ordering the energy-momentum tensor satisfies the desired Virasoro algebra up to anomalous terms proportional to the space-time equation of motion of the background. However, it is MNO which gives rise to the correct spectrum - we compute the quadratic space-time action by restricting the string field inside a transverse Hilbert space. This turns out to be non-diagonal. Diagonalizing this action reproduces the spectrum directly obtained in light-cone quantization. The same method with PNO gives rise to a spectrum with negative dimensions.
We consider Polyakov theory of Bosonic strings in conformal gauge which are used to study conformal anomaly. However it exhibits ghost number anomaly. We show how this anomaly can be avoided by connecting this theory to that of in background covariant harmonic gauge which is known to be free from conformal and ghost number current anomaly, by using suitably constructed finite field dependent BRST transformation.
We consider a two-dimensional conformal field theory which contains two kinds of the bosonic degrees of freedom. Two linear dilaton fields enable us to study a more general case. Various properties of the model such as OPEs, central charge, conformal properties of the fields and associated algebras will be studied.
It has recently been shown that the ordinary bosonic string can be represented by a special background of N=1 or N=2 strings. In this paper, it will be shown that the bosonic string can also be represented by a special background of $W$-strings.
A systematic scheme is developed for solving conformal algebra of the massive vertex operators in the old covariant first quantized string theory. Using the first massive level in the covariant spectrum of bosonic open string theory in flat space-time as an example, we explicitly verify the conformal algebra for the normal-ordered covariant vertex operator. We emphasize that the requirement of fully covariant gauge-fixing specifies the form of normal-ordering for massive vertex operators.
A formal relationship between scattering amplitudes in critical bosonic string theory and correlation functions of operators in topological string theory is found.
In order to investigate to what extent string theories are different vacua of a general string theory (the ``universal string"), we discuss realizations of the bosonic string as particular background of certain types of $W$-strings. Our discussions include linearized $W_3^{lin}$, non-critical $W_3$, linearized $W_3^{(2)lin}$ and critical $W_3^{(2)}$ realizations of the bosonic string.
Free Lagrangians are found both for gauge and non-gauge bosonic conformal fields of any symmetry type and in any space-time dimension. Conformal gauge fields of various types, their gauge transformations and gauge invariant field strengths (generalized Weyl tensors), which are derived by the $σ_-$ cohomology technics in the frame-like formulation, are shown to correspond to supersymmetric vacua of certain supersymmetric matrix mechanics. The correspondence between conformal and $AdS_d$ higher-spin models, that turn out to have identical generalized Weyl tensors, is discussed.
The results conjectured here are based on tachyon condensation in compactified bosonic strings. They can in fact be proven from compactification alone, but this step was not treated consistently here. The proof is given in a new version of the paper: hep-th/0106235
I construct a complete 1-loop partition function of a bosonic closed string on orbifolds. Furthermore, I derive sufficient conditions for the modular invariance of the partition function.
We review some exact solitonic solutions of string theory with higher-membrane structure. These include an axionic instanton solution of bosonic string theory as well as multi-instanton and multimonopole solutions of heterotic string theory. The heterotic solutions reveal some interesting aspects of string theory as a theory of quantum gravity.
Recently Berkovits and Vafa have shown that the bosonic string can be viewed as the fermionic string propagating in a particular background. Such a background is described by a somewhat unusual $N=1$ superconformal system. By coupling it to $N=1$ supergravity I construct a local supersymmetric action for the bosonic string.
Exploiting the strict analogy between the motion of strings and extended-like spinning particles, we propose an original kinematical formulation of the spin of bosonic strings and give, for the first time, an analytical derivation of an explicit expression of the string spin vector.
The thermofield dynamics of the D=26 closed bosonic thermal string theory is described in proper reference to the thermal duality symmetry as well as the thermal stability of modular invariance in association with the global phase structure of the bosonic thermal string ensemble.
In this paper we consider tree-level scattering in the minimal N=4 topological string and show that a large class of N-point functions can be recast in terms of corresponding amplitudes in the (1,k) minimal bosonic string. This suggests a non-trivial relation between the minimal N=4 topological strings, the (1,k) minimal bosonic strings and their corresponding ADE matrix models. This relation has interesting and far-reaching implications for the topological sector of six-dimensional Little String Theories.
In two recent preprints (hep-th/9710131 and hep-th/9710132), Abe and Nakanishi have claimed that the proof of the gauge independence of the conformal anomaly of the bosonic string as given by us in 1988 was wrong. A similar allegation has been made concerning our proof of the gauge independence of the sum of the ghost number and Lagrange multiplier anomalies in non-conformal gauges. In this short note we refute their criticism by explaining the simple logic of our proofs and emphasizing the points that have been missed by Abe and Nakanishi.
In this paper we would like to discuss the emergence of D-branes from infinite many D-instantons in bosonic and type IIA string theory in the framework of boundary string field theory.
In this paper we present two solutions of open bosonic string field theory defined on D0-brane background that correspond to the change of the D0-brane position in the transverse space.
Kraemmer and Rebhan claimed the gauge independence of the conformal anomaly of bosonic string for various gauge fixings in the framework of the perturbation theory of two-dimensional quantum gravity. It is pointed out that their proof is wrong. The gauge independence is proved for the gauge-fixings which reduce to the linearized de Donder gauge in the flat limit of the background metric. Similar remarks are made also for the Rebhan-Kraemmer current anomaly.
We present example of exact solution to Witten's open bosonic string field theory. We will analyse the new BRST operator and we will argue that the new solution describes the flow from zero slope limit to the tensionless limit in the string world-sheet action.
We refine the relation between the renormalized partition function of the open bosonic string in background fields and the effective action. In the process, we get some leading derivative corrections to the Born-Infeld action which include all powers of the gauge field.
Deser-Zumino supergravity action for the graviton and gravitino pair, in four dimensions is deduced from the Nambu-Goto string action of the 26 dimension using the Principle of Equivalence.
We consider the possibility of a bosonic (meta)stabilization of a cosmic gauge string loop due to the presence of a gas of low mass bosonic particles which become trapped within the string core. This boson gas exerts a pressure which tends to counteract the string tension, allowing a circular string loop to find a finite equilibrium radius, provided that gas particles do not escape the string core. However, high energy bosons do escape, and consequently the loop shrinks and the temperature rises. Estimates indicate that the bosonic stabilization mechanism is ineffective, and the loop is unstab…
In a previous paper we showed that bracket relations uniquely fix the tree-level bosonic string $S$-matrix for $N\leq 26$ particle scattering. In this note we extend the proof to $N$-particle scattering for all $N$.
We show that the bosonic string theory quantized in the Beltrami parametrization possesses a supersymmetric structure like the vector-supersymmetry already observed in topological field theories.
We study the worldsheet theory of bosonic string from the point of view of the BV formalism. We explicitly describe the derived Poisson structure which arizes when we expand the Master Action near a Lagrangian submanifold. The BV formalism allows us to clarify the mechanism of holomorphic factorization of string amplitudes.
We elucidate the properties of a gas of free closed bosonic strings in thermal equilibrium. Our starting point is the intensive generating functional of connected one-loop closed vacuum string graphs given by the Polyakov path integral. Invariance of the path integral under modular transformations gives a thermal duality invariant expression for the free energy of free closed strings at finite temperature. The free bosonic string gas exhibits a self-dual Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition. The thermodynamic potentials of the gas of free bosonic closed strings are shown to exhibit an infinite…
We review the features of the pomeron in the S-matrix theory and in quantum field theory. We extend those general properties to the pomeron of closed bosonic string theory in a Minkowskian background. We compute the couplings of the pomeron to the lowest mass levels of closed bosonic string states in flat space. We recognize the deviation from the linearity of the Regge trajectories in a five dimensional anti De Sitter background.
We discuss tachyon configuration for the unoriented bosonic string theory which produces a bosonic string theory with SO(32) gauge symmetry in ten dimensions. It is closely related to the tachyon condensation scenario proposed by A. Sen. We also give the boundary state description of the tachyon condensation process, with some emphasis on the rôle of orbifold conformal field theory.
Two-dimensional fermionic string theory is shown to have a structure of topological model, which is isomorphic to a tensor product of two topological ghost systems independent of each other. One of them is identified with $c=1$ bosonic string theory while the other has trivial physical contents. This fact enables us to regard two-dimensional fermionic string theory as an embedding of $c=1$ bosonic string theory in the moduli space of fermionic string theories. Upon this embedding, the discrete states of $c=1$ string theory are mapped to those of fermionic string theory, which is considered to …
This short note is devoted to the study of the integrability of the bosonic string on AdS(5)xS(5) in the uniform light-cone gauge. We construct Lax connection for gauge fixed theory and we argue that it is flat.
We show that Witten's two-dimensional string black hole metric is exactly conformally invariant in the supersymmetric case. We also demonstrate that this metric, together with a recently proposed exact metric for the bosonic case, are respectively consistent with the supersymmetric and bosonic $σ$-model conformal invariance conditions up to four-loop order.
Deformation quantization of bosonic strings is considered. We show that the light-cone gauge is the most convenient classical description to perform the quantization of bosonic strings in the deformation quantization formalism. Similar to the field theory case, the oscillator variables greatly facilitates the analysis. The mass spectrum, propagators and the Virasoro algebra are finally described within this deformation quantization scheme.
In this work we will investigate how the non-commutativity arises into the string theory, \textit{i.e.}, how the bosonic string theory attaches to a D3-brane in the presence of magnetic fields. In order to accomplish the proposal, we departure from the commutative two-dimensional harmonic oscillator, which after the application of the general Bopp's shifts Matrix Method, the non-commutative version of the two-dimensional harmonic oscillator is obtained. After that, this non-commutative harmonic oscillator will be mapped into the bosonic string theory in the light cone frame, which it now appea…
We consider a prescription for introducing deformed dispersion relations in the bosonic string action. We find that in a subset of such theories it remains true that the embedding coordinates propagate linearly on the worldsheet. While both the string modes and the center of mass propagate with deformed dispersion relations, the speed of light remains energy independent. We consider the canonical quantization of these strings, and find that it is possible to choose theories so that ghost modes still decouple, as usual. However the Virasoro algebra now exhibits an energy dependent central charg…
We assume that the total target phase space is non-commutative. This leads to the generalization of the oscillator-algebra of the string, and the corresponding Virasoso algebra. The effects of this non-commutativity on some string states will be studied.
The potential of the closed bosonic bulk tachyon is investigated using $\mathcal{N}~=~1$ closed superstring field theory formulated around Berkovits' and Vafas embedding of the bosonic string into the superstring. From this point of view the bosonic minimum gets destabilized by new deformations of the underlying CFT. Another critical point of the potential is identified by solving the equation of motions and the properties of this new solution are discussed.
In the cubic string field theory, using the gauge invariant operators corresponding to the on-shell closed string vertex operators, we have explicitly evaluated the decay amplitudes of two open string tachyons or gauge fields to one closed string tachyon or graviton up to level two. We then evaluated the same amplitudes in the bosonic string theory, and shown that the amplitudes in both theories have exactly the same pole structure. We have also expanded the decay amplitudes in the bosonic string theory around the Mandelstam variable s=0, and shown that their leading contact terms are fully co…
A bosonic string coupled to the generalized Chern-Simons theory in 3+1D acquires a magnetic field along itself, when it is closed, and a topological charge at its extremity, when it is open. We construct the creation operators for the full quantum field states associated to these strings and determine the dual algebra satisfied by them. We show that the creation operator fo the composite state of a quantum closed bosonic string, bearing a magnetic flux, and a topologically charged open bosonic string, possesses generalized statistics. The relation of our results with previous approaches to the…
We review the emergence of the ten-dimensional fermionic closed string theories from subspaces of the Hilbert space of the 26-dimensional bosonic closed string theory compactified on an $E_8\times SO(16)$ lattice. They arise from a consistent truncation procedure which generates space-time fermions out of bosons. This procedure is extended to open string sectors. We prove that truncation of the unique tadpole-free $SO(2^{13})$ bosonic string theory compactified on the above lattice determines the anomaly free Chan-Paton group of the Type I theory and the consistent Chan-Paton groups of Type O …
In a recent work it has been shown that the bosonic strings could be embedded into a special class of $N=1$ fermionic strings. We argue that the superpartners of any physical state in the spectrum of this fermionic string is non-physical. So, there is no supersymmetry in the space of physical states and the embedding is, in this sense, ``trivial''. We here propose two different constructions as possible candidates of non-trivial embeddings of the non-critical bosonic strings into some special class of $N=1$ fermionic strings of which one is the non-critical NSR string. The BRST charge of the $…
We argue that the higher space-time derivative terms that occur in closed bosonic string field theory are reminiscent of those found in the Landau theory of liquid-crystal transitions. We examine the lowest level approximation of the closed bosonic string and find evidence for the existence of a new vacuum that spontaneously breaks Lorentz and translation symmetries. This effect can be interpreted as a spontaneous compactification of the theory.
We review the emergence of the ten-dimensional fermionic closed string theories from subspaces of the Hilbert space of the 26-dimensional bosonic closed string theory compactified on an $E_8\times SO(16)$ lattice. They arise from a consistent truncation procedure which generates space-time fermions out of bosons. This procedure is extended to open string sectors. We prove, from bosonic considerations alone, that truncation of the unique tadpole-free $SO(2^{13})$ bosonic string theory compactified on the above lattice determines the anomaly free Chan-Paton group of the Type I theory. It also yi…
A new family of non critical bosonic string backgrounds in arbitrary space time dimension $D$ and with $ISO(1,D-2)$ Poincaré invariance are presented. The metric warping factor and dilaton agree asymptotically with the linear dilaton background. The closed string tachyon equation of motion enjoys, in the linear approximation, an exact solution of ``kink'' type interpolating between different expectation values. A renormalization group flow interpretation ,based on a closed string tachyon potential of type $-T^{2}e^{-T}$, is suggested.
We obtain the effective action for the bosonic string with arbitrary Yang-Mills fields, up to the α' order, in general dimensions. The form of the action is determined by the requirement that the action admit well-defined Killing spinor equations, whose projected integrability conditions give rise to the full set of equations of motion. The success of the construction suggests that the hidden "pseudo-supersymmetry" associated with the Killing spinor equations may be a property of the bosonic string itself.
We propose the action for the nonrelativistic string invariant under general coordinate transformations on the string worldsheet. The Hamiltonian formulation for the nonrelativistic string is given. Particular solutions of the Euler-Lagrange equations are found in the time gauge.
We study soliton gauge states in the spectrum of bosonic string compatified on torus. The enhenced Kac-Moody gauge symmetry, and thus T-duality, is shown to be related to the existence of these soliton gauge states in some moduli points.
Through the Casimir effect, we obtain a temperature correction to the ground state mass of the Bosonic string. Accordingly, we show that higher than the temperature $\approx 1/2π$, the Tachyon attain real mass, and also we find massive Graviton for nonzero temperatures. As another consequence, we demonstrate that for temperatures higher than the Hagedorn temperature, the string would find again a Tachyonic state.
The quantum algebra of observables of the massive closed bosonic string in 1+3 dimensions has been developed so far in the rest frame of the string. In this paper a method to write this algebra in a manifestly Lorentz covariant form is explained and compared with an alternative approach in the literature.
We discuss a realization of the bosonic string as a noncritical $W_3$-string. The relevant noncritical $W_3$-string is characterized by a Liouville sector which is restricted to a (non-unitary) $(3,2)$ $W_3$ minimal model with central charge contribution $c_l = - 2$. Furthermore, the matter sector of this $W_3$-string contains $26$ free scalars which realize a critical bosonic string. The BRST operator for this $W_3$-string can be written as the sum of two, mutually anticommuting, nilpotent BRST operators: $Q = Q_0 + Q_1$ in such a way that the scalars which realize the bosonic string appear o…
We discuss a renormalization procedure for a classical bosonic string coupled to a massless scalar field. The classical equations of motion for this system are non-renormalizable if the number of spacetime dimensions exceeds four. Our analysis indicates that string excitation modes must be included to make the string a finite object.
The theory of relativistic strings is considered in frames of Hamiltonian formalism and Dirac's quantization procedure. A special gauge fixing condition is formulated, related with the world sheet of the string in Lorentz-invariant way. As a result, a new set of Lorentz-invariant canonical variables is constructed, in which a consistent quantization of bosonic open string theory could be done in Minkowski space-time of dimension $d=4$. The obtained quantum theory possesses spin-mass spectrum with Regge-like behavior.
Using the generalized Hamiltonian method of Batalin, Fradkin and Vilkovsky we develop the BRST formalism for the bosonic string on AdS(5)xS(5) formulated as principal chiral model. Then we show that the monodromy matrix and non-local charges are BRST invariant.
We give a simple prescription for computing, in the framework of the bosonic string theory, off-shell one-loop amplitudes with any number of external massless particles, both for the open and for the closed string. We discuss their properties and, in particular, for the two-string one-loop amplitudes we show their being transverse.
In this short note we give an example of the exact solution of the open bosonic string field theory defined on the background of $N$ coincided D0-branes. This solution leads to the change of the original background to the background where D0-branes are localised in general positions.
