We show that there exists a cut-off version of Nambu-Poisson bracket which defines a finite dimensional Lie 3-algebra. The algebra still satisfies the fundamental identity and thus produces N=8 supersymmetric BLG type equation of motion for multiple M2 branes. By counting the number of the moduli and the degree of freedom, we derive an entropy formula which scales as N^{3/2} as expected for the multiple M2 branes.
We give an explicit realization of quantum Nambu bracket via matrix of multi-index, which reduces in the continunm limit to the classical Nambu bracket.
The dynamics of topological open branes is controlled by Nambu Brackets. Thus, they might be quantized through the consistent quantization of the underlying Nambu brackets, including odd ones: these are reachable systematically from even brackets, whose more tractable properties have been detailed before.
Nambu proposed an extension of dynamical system through the introduction of a new bracket (Nambu bracket) in 1973. This article is a short review of the developments after his paper. Some emphasis are put on a viewpoint that the Nambu bracket naturally describes extended objects which appear in M-theory and the fluid dynamics. The latter part of the paper is devoted to a review of the studies on the Nambu bracket (Lie 3-algebra) in Bagger-Lambert-Gustavsson theory of multiple M2-branes. This paper is a contribution to the proceedings of Nambu memorial symposium (Osaka City University, Septembe…
We relate classical and quantum Dirac and Nambu brackets. At the classical level, we use the relations between the two brackets to gain some insight into the Jacobi identity for Dirac brackets, among other things. At the quantum level, we suggest that the Nambu bracket is the preferred method for introducing constraints, although at the expense of some unorthodox behavior, which we describe in detail.
We present several non-trivial examples of the three-dimensional quantum Nambu bracket which involve square matrices or three-index objects. Our examples satisfy two fundamental properties of the classical Nambu bracket: they are skew-symmetric and they obey the Fundamental Identity. We contrast our approach to the existing literature on the quantum deformations of Nambu mechanics. We also discuss possible applications of our results in M-theory.
We review recent progress in formulating the worldvolume theory of M2-branes using the Nambu bracket. Although it is generally agreed that this formulation should be replaced by another using the superconformal Chern-Simons theory, we try to pursue a possible complementary role played by the Nambu bracket. Since the partition function of the superconformal Chern-Simons theory implies a hidden super gauge group, we study the supersymmetric generalization of the Nambu bracket. We explicitly construct the superunitary Nambu algebra.
We express the covariant actions of a super p-brane and the corresponding equations of motion, in the flat and curved superspaces, in terms of the Nambu (p+1)-brackets. These brackets make the (p+1)-algebra structure of super p-brane manifest. For the flat superspace, this reconstruction of the action also allows reformulating it in terms of two sets of differential forms.
The derivation of the self-dual relations for the two-form gauge field in the Nambu-bracket description of M5-brane in a constant C-field background initiated in arXiv:0907.4596 is completed by including contributions from all the fields in the M5-brane action. The result is used to examine Seiberg-Witten map of the BPS conditions for the string solitons, up to the first order in the expansion by the parameter $g$ which characterizes the strength of the interactions through the Nambu-bracket.
In this article we give a concise review of recent progress in our understanding of the Lie 3-algebra and their application to the Bagger-Lambert-Gustavsson model describing multiple M2-branes in M theory.
By using the recently proposed prescription arXiv:0804.3629 for obtaining the $M5$ brane action from multiple $M2$ branes action in BLG theory, we examine such transition when 11 Dimensional background antisymmetric fluxes couple to the $M2$ brane world volume. Such couplings was suggested in arXiv:0805.3427 where it was used the fact that various fields in BLG theory are valued in a Lie 3-algebra. We argue that this action and promoting it by Nambu-Poisson bracket gives the expected coupling of fluxes with $M5$ brane at least at weak coupling limit. We also study some other aspects of the act…
This lecture consists of three parts. In part I, an overview is given on the so-called Matrix theory in the light-front gauge as a proposal for a concrete and non-perturbative formulation of M-theory. I emphasize motivations towards its covariant formulation. Then, in part II, I turn the subject to the so-called Nambu bracket and Nambu mechanics, which were proposed by Nambu in 1973 as a possible extension of the ordinary Hamiltonian mechanics. After reviewing briefly Nambu's original work, it will be explained why his idea may be useful in exploring higher symmetries which would be required f…
We discuss deformation quantization of the covariant, light-cone and conformal gauge-fixed p-brane actions (p>1) which are closely related to the structure of the classical and quantum Nambu brackets. It is known that deformation quantization of the Nambu bracket is not of the usual Moyal type. Yet the Nambu bracket can be quantized using the Zariski deformation quantization (discovered by Dito, Flato, Sternheimer and Takhtajan) which is based on factorization of polynomials in several real variables. We discuss a particular application of the Zariski deformed quantization in M-theory by consi…
The Nambu Bracket quantization of the Hydrogen atom is worked out as an illustration of the general method. The dynamics of topological open branes is controlled classically by Nambu Brackets. Such branes then may be quantized through the consistent quantization of the underlying Nambu brackets: properly defined, the Quantum Nambu Brackets comprise an associative structure, although the naive derivation property is mooted through operator entwinement. For superintegrable systems, such as the Hydrogen atom, the results coincide with those furnished by Hamiltonian quantization--but the method is…
Phase Space is the framework best suited for quantizing superintegrable systems--systems with more conserved quantities than degrees of freedom. In this quantization method, the symmetry algebras of the hamiltonian invariants are preserved most naturally. We illustrate the power and simplicity of the method through new applications to nonlinear sigma-models, specifically for Chiral Models and de Sitter N-spheres, where the symmetric quantum hamiltonians amount to compact and elegant expressions, in accord with the Groenewold-van Hove theorem. Additional power and elegance is provided by the us…
We present recent developments in the theory of Nambu mechanics, which include new examples of Nambu-Poisson manifolds with linear Nambu brackets and new representations of Nambu-Heisenberg commutation relations.
We review the AKSZ construction as applied to the topological open membranes and Poisson sigma models. We describe a generalization to open topological p-branes and Nambu-Poisson sigma models.
We propose an extension of n-ary Nambu-Poisson bracket to superspace R^{n|m} and construct by means of superdeterminant a family of Nambu-Poisson algebras of even degree functions, where the parameter of this family is an invertible transformation of Grassmann coordinates in superspace R^{n|m}. We prove in the case of the superspaces R^{n|1} and R^{n|2} that our n-ary bracket, defined with the help of superdeterminant, satisfies the conditions for n-ary Nambu-Poisson bracket, i.e. it is totally skew-symmetric and it satisfies the Leibniz rule and the Filippov-Jacobi identity (fundamental ident…
As an extension to our earlier work \cite{Mirza2}, we employ the Nambu brackets to prove that the divergences of heat capacities correspond to their counterparts in thermodynamic geometry. We also obtain a simple representation for the conformal transformations that connect different thermodynamics metrics to each other. Using our bracket approach, we obtain interesting exact relations between the Hessian matrix with any number of parameters and specific heat capacities. Finally, we employ this approach to investigate some thermodynamic properties of the Meyers-Perry black holes with three spi…
Hydrodynamics on non-commutative space is studied based on a formulation of hydrodynamics by Y. Nambu in terms of Poisson and Nambu brackets. Replacing these brackets by Moyal brackets with a parameter $θ$, a new hydrodynamics on non-commutative space is derived. It may be a step toward to find the hydrodynamics of granular materials whose minimum volume is given by $θ$. To clarify this minimum volume, path integral quantization and uncertainty relation of Nambu dynamics are examined.
Nambu dynamics is a generalized Hamiltonian dynamics of more than two variables, whose time evolutions are given by the Nambu bracket, a generalization of the canonical Poisson bracket. Nambu dynamics can always be represented in the form of noncanonical Hamiltonian dynamics by defining the noncanonical Poisson bracket by means of the Nambu bracket. For the time evolution to be consistent, the Nambu bracket must satisfy the fundamental identity, while the noncanonical Poisson bracket must satisfy the Jacobi identity. However, in many degrees of freedom systems, it is well known that the fundam…
We prove that many aspects of the differential geometry of embedded Riemannian manifolds can be formulated in terms of a multi-linear algebraic structure on the space of smooth functions. In particular, we find algebraic expressions for Weingarten's formula, the Ricci curvature and the Codazzi-Mainardi equations.
We construct the graded triple Lie commutator of cubic supermatrices, which we call the quantum super Nambu bracket of cubic supermatrices, and prove that it satisfies the graded Filippov-Jacobi identity of 3-Lie superalgebra. For this purpose we use the basic notions of the calculus of 3-dimensional matrices, define the Z_2-graded (or super) structure of a cubic matrix relative to one of the directions of a cubic matrix and the super trace of a cubic supermatrix. Making use of the super trace of a cubic supermatrix we introduce the triple product of cubic supermatrices and find the identities…
A new version of NLQM is formulated in terms of the generalized Nambu dynamics. The generalization is free from the difficulties of earlier approaches. The paper is a second part of "Elements of NLQM (I): NL Schrodinger equation and two-level atoms".
We generalize noncommutative gauge theory using Nambu-Poisson structures to obtain a new type of gauge theory with higher brackets and gauge fields. The approach is based on covariant coordinates and higher versions of the Seiberg-Witten map. We construct a covariant Nambu-Poisson gauge theory action, give its first order expansion in the Nambu-Poisson tensor and relate it to a Nambu-Poisson matrix model.
We present an explicit matrix algebra quantization of the algebra of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms of the $n$-torus. That is, we approximate the corresponding classical Nambu brackets using $\mathfrak{sl}(N^{\lceil\frac{n}{2}\rceil},\mathbb{C})$-matrices equipped with the finite bracket given by the completely anti-symmetrized matrix product, such that the classical brackets are retrieved in the $N\rightarrow \infty$ limit. We then apply this approximation to the super $4$-brane in $9$ dimensions and give a regularized action in analogy with the matrix quantization of the supermembrane. Th…
We consider D1-string in a constant R-R 3-form flux background and analyze its low energy limit. The leading order low energy theory has reparametrization symmetry and is a generalization of an earlier work by Takhtajan. We show that the dynamical evolution of the theory takes a generalized Hamiltonian form in terms of a Nambu bracket. This description is formulated in terms of reparametrization invariant quantities and requires no fixing of the reparametrization symmetry. We also show that a Nambu- Poisson (p + 2)-bracket arises naturally in the reparametrization invariant description of the …
Takhtajan has recently studied the consistency conditions for Nambu brackets, and suggested that they have to be skew-symmetric, and satisfy Leibnitz rule and the Fundamental Identity (FI, it is a generalization of the Jacobi identity). If the n'th order Nambu brackets in dimension N is written in terms of the Nambu tensor η, the FI implies two conditions on it, one algebraic and one differential. The algebraic part of FI implies decomposability of ηand in this letter we show that the Nambu bracket can then be written in terms of the usual totally antisymmetric n-dimensional tensor and n vecto…
The dynamics of even topological open membranes relies on Nambu Brackets. Consequently, such 2p-branes can be quantized through the consistent quantization of the underlying Nambu dynamical structures. This is a summary construction relying on the methods detailed in refs hep-th/0205063 and hep-th/0212267.
We outline the basic principles of canonical formalism for the Nambu mechanics---a generalization of Hamiltonian mechanics proposed by Yoichiro Nambu in 1973. It is based on the notion of Nambu bracket which generalizes the Poisson bracket to the multiple operation of higher order $n \geq 3$ on classical observables and is described by Hambu-Hamilton equations of motion given by $n-1$ Hamiltonians. We introduce the fundamental identity for the Nambu bracket which replaces Jacobi identity as a consistency condition for the dynamics. We show that Nambu structure of given order defines a family o…
We investigate the super high-order Virasoro 3-algebra. By applying the appropriate scaling limits on the generators, we obtain the super $w_{\infty}$ 3-algebra which satisfies the generalized fundamental identity condition. We also define a super Nambu-Poisson bracket which satisfies the generalized skewsymmetry, Leibniz rule and fundamental identity. By means of this super Nambu-Poisson bracket, the realization of the super $w_{\infty}$ 3-algebra is presented.
Phase Space is the framework best suited for quantizing superintegrable systems--systems with more conserved quantities than degrees of freedom. In this quantization method, the symmetry algebras of the hamiltonian invariants are preserved most naturally, as illustrated on nonlinear $σ$-models, specifically for Chiral Models and de Sitter $N$-spheres. Classically, the dynamics of superintegrable models such as these is automatically also described by Nambu Brackets involving the extra symmetry invariants of them. The phase-space quantization worked out then leads to the quantization of the cor…
Evolution of extended data is considered in various flow problems, using Nambu brackets as a tool applicable to all cases. Extra dimensions, N-brackets, and extended structures are first employed to linearize the Euler equations. N-bracket induced evolutions of strings, membranes, and other d-branes are then discussed in detail.
We analyze BPS equations for string-like configurations derived from the M5-brane worldvolume action with a Nambu-Poisson structure constructed in arXiv:0804.3629, arXiv:0805.2898. We solve the BPS equations up to the first order in the parameter $g$ which characterizes the strength of the Nambu-Poisson bracket. We compare our solutions to previously constructed BPS string solitons in the conventional description of M5-brane in a constant three-form background via Seiberg-Witten map, and find agreement.
Recently it was proposed that the Bagger-Lambert-Gustavsson theory with Nambu-Poisson structure describes an M5-brane in a three-form flux background. In this paper we investigate the superalgebra associated with this theory. We derive the central charges corresponding to M5-brane solitons in 3-form backgrounds. We also show that double dimensional reduction of the superalgebra gives rise to the Poisson bracket terms of a non-commutative D4-brane superalgebra. We provide interpretations of the D4-brane charges in terms of spacetime intersections.
Phase Space is the framework best suited for quantizing superintegrable systems, naturally preserving the symmetry algebras of the respective hamiltonian invariants. The power and simplicity of the method is fully illustrated through new applications to nonlinear sigma models, specifically for de Sitter N-spheres and Chiral Models, where the symmetric quantum hamiltonians amount to compact and elegant expressions. Additional power and elegance is provided by the use of Nambu Brackets to incorporate the extra invariants of superintegrable models. Some new classical results are given for these b…
We study the classical current algebra for principial chiral model defined on two dimensional world-sheet with general metric. We develop the Hamiltonian formalism and determine the form of the Poisson brackets between currents. Then we determine the Poisson bracket for Lax connection and we show that this Possion bracket does not depend on the world-sheet metric. We also study the Nambu-Gotto form of this model. We prove an existence of the Lax connection and determine their Poisson bracket.
Phase space is a framework ideally suited for quantizing superintegrable systems through the use of deformation methods, as illustrated here by applications to de Sitter and chiral particles. Within this framework, Nambu brackets elegantly incorporate the additional quantum invariants of such models. New results are presented for the non-Abelian quantization of these brackets.
A few generalizations of a Poisson algebra to field theory canonically formulated in terms of the polymomentum variables are discussed. A graded Poisson bracket on differential forms and an $(n+1)$-ary bracket on functions are considered. The Poisson bracket on differential forms gives rise to various generalizations of a Gerstenhaber algebra: the noncommutative (in the sense of Loday) and the higher-order (in the sense of the higher order graded Leibniz rule). The $(n+1)$-ary bracket fulfills the properties of the Nambu bracket including the ``fundamental identity'', thus leading to the Nambu…
We introduce a Nambu-Poisson bracket in the geometrical description of the D=11 M5-brane. This procedure allows us, under some assumptions, to eliminate the local degrees of freedom of the antisymmetric field in the M5-brane Hamiltonian and to express it as a D=11 p-brane theory invariant under symplectomorphisms. A regularization of the M5-brane in terms of a multi D1-brane theory invariant under the $SU(N)\times SU(N)$ group in the limit when $N\to\infty$ is proposed. Also, a regularization for the D=10 D4-brane in terms of a multi D0-brane theory is suggested.
We propose a novel prescription to take off the square root of Nambu-Goto action for a p-brane, which generalizes the Brink-Di Vecchia-Howe-Tucker or also known as Polyakov method. With an arbitrary decomposition as d+n=p+1, our resulting action is a modified d-dimensional Polyakov action which is gauged and possesses a Nambu n-bracket squared potential. We first spell out how the (p+1)-dimensional diffeomorphism is realized in the lower dimensional action. Then we discuss a possible gauge fixing of it to a direct product of $d$-dimensional diffeomorphism and n-dimensional volume preserving di…
The BLG model for multiple M2-branes motivates an M5-brane theory with a novel gauge symmetry defined by the Nambu-Poisson structure. This Nambu-Poisson gauge symmetry for an M5-brane in large C-field background can be matched, on double dimension reduction, with the Poisson limit of the noncommutative gauge symmetry for a D4-brane in B-field background. Naively, one expects that there should exist a certain deformation of the Nambu-Poisson structure to match with the full noncommutative gauge symmetry including higher order terms. However, We prove the no-go theorem that there is no way to de…
We show that an action of a supermembrane in an eleven-dimensional spacetime with a semi-light-cone gauge can be written only with Nambu-Poisson bracket and an invariant symmetric bilinear form under an approximation. Thus, the action under the conditions is manifestly covariant under volume preserving diffeomorphism even when the world-volume metric is flat. Next, we propose two 3-algebraic models of M-theory which are obtained as a second quantization of an action that is equivalent to the supermembrane action under the approximation. The second quantization is defined by replacing Nambu-Poi…
Motivated by the quest to understand the analog of non-geometric flux compactification in the context of M-theory, we study higher dimensional analogs of generalized Poisson sigma models and corresponding dual string and p-brane models. We find that higher generalizations of the algebraic structures due to Dorfman, Roytenberg and Courant play an important role and establish their relation to Nambu-Poisson structures.
Nambu's construction of multi-linear brackets for super-integrable systems can be thought of as degenerate Poisson brackets with a maximal set of Casimirs in their kernel. By introducing privileged coordinates in phase space these degenerate Poisson brackets are brought to the form of Heisenberg's equations. We propose a definition for constructing quantum operators for classical functions which enables us to turn the maximally degenerate Poisson brackets into operators. They pose a set of eigenvalue problems for a new state vector. The requirement of the single valuedness of this eigenfunctio…
We consider Nambu-Poisson 3-algebras on three dimensional manifolds $ {\cal M}_{3} $, such as the Euclidean 3-space $R^{3}$, the 3-sphere $S^{3}$ as well as the 3-torus $T^{3}$. We demonstrate that in the Clebsch-Monge gauge, the Lie algebra of volume preserving diffeomorphisms $SDiff({\cal M}_{3})$ is identical to the Nambu-Poisson algebra on ${\cal M}_{3}$. Moreover the fundamental identity for the Nambu 3-bracket is just the commutation relation of $ SDiff({\cal M}_{3})$. We propose a quantization prescription for the Nambu-Poisson algebra which provides us with the correct classical limit.…
We calculate the fluctuations from the classical multiple M5-brane solution of ABJM action which we found in the previous paper. We obtain D4-brane-like action but the gauge coupling constant depends on the spacetime coordinate. This is consistent with the expected properties of M5-brane action, although we will need to take into account the monopole operators in order to fully understand M5-branes. We also see that the Nambu-Poisson bracket is hidden in the solution.
We consider several ternary algebras relevant to physics. We compare and contrast the quantal versions of the algebras, as realized through associative products of operators, with their classical counterparts, as realized through classical Nambu brackets. In some cases involving infinite algebras, we show the classical limit may be obtained by a contraction of the quantal algebra, and then explicitly realized through classical brackets. We illustrate this classical-contraction method by the Virasoro-Witt example.
We consider D1-branes in a RR flux background and show that there is a low energy - large flux double scaling limit where the D1-branes action is dominated by a Chern-Simons-Myers coupling term. As a classical solution to the matrix model, we find a novel quantized geometry characterized by a quantum Nambu 3-bracket. Infinite dimensional representations of the quantum Nambu geometry are constructed which demonstrate that the quantum Nambu geometry is intrinsically different from the ordinary Lie algebra type noncommutative geometry. Matrix models for the IIB string, IIA string and M-theory in …
A simplified version of 3d BL theory is considered, which allows any number N of M2 branes in d=11. The underlying 3-algebra structure is provided by degenerate U(N) Nambu bracket [X,Y,Z] = tr(X) [Y,Z] + tr(Y) [Z,X] + tr(Z) [X,Y], the corresponding f^{abcd} is not totally antisymmetric and extended supersymmetry of the action remains to be checked. All the fields, including auxiliary non-propagating gauge fields, are in adjoint representation of SU(N) and the only remnant of 3-algebra structure is an octuple of gauge singlets, acquiring vacuum expectation value in transition to D2 branes in d=…
Motivated by the recent proposal of an N=8 supersymmetric action for multiple M2-branes, we study the Lie 3-algebra in detail. In particular, we focus on the fundamental identity and the relation with Nambu-Poisson bracket. Some new algebras not known in the literature are found. Next we consider cubic matrix representations of Lie 3-algebras. We show how to obtain higher dimensional representations by tensor products for a generic 3-algebra. A criterion of reducibility is presented. We also discuss the application of Lie 3-algebra to the membrane physics, including the Basu-Harvey equation an…
We present the light-cone gauge fixed Lagrangian for the M5-brane; it has a residual `exotic' gauge invariance with the group of 5-volume preserving diffeomorphisms, SDiff(5), as gauge group. For an M5-brane of topology R2 x M3, for closed 3-manifold M3, we find an infinite tension limit that yields an SO(8)-invariant (1+2)-dimensional field theory with `exotic' SDiff(3) gauge invariance. We show that this field theory is the Carrollian limit of the Nambu bracket realization of the `BLG' model for multiple M2-branes.
In this note we generalize a result by Alekseev and Strobl for the case of $p$-branes. We show that there is a relation between anomalous free current algebras and "isotropic" involutive subbundles of $T\oplus \wedge^p T^*$ with the Vinogradov bracket, that is a generalization of the Courant bracket. As an application of this construction we go through some interesting examples: topological strings on symplectic manifolds, topological membrane on $G_2$-manifolds and topological 3-brane on $Spin(7)$ manifolds. We show that these peculiar topological theories are related to the physical (i.e., N…
