Marek Karliner
I discuss several recent highly accurate theoretical predictions for masses of baryons containing the b quark, as well as an effective supersymmetry between heavy quark baryons and mesons. I also suggest some possibilities for observing exotic hadrons containing heavy quarks.
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Recently, some singly bottom baryons have been established experimentally, but none of doubly or triply bottom baryons has been observed. Under the Regge phenomenology, the mass of a ground state unobserved doubly or triply bottom baryon is expressed as a function of masses of the well established light baryons and singly bottom baryons. Then, the values of Regge slopes and Regge intercepts for baryons containing one, two, or three bottom quarks are calculated. After that, masses of the orbitally excited singly, doubly, and triply bottom baryons are estimated. Our predictions may be useful for…
The masses of S-wave bottom baryons are calculated in the framework of coupled-channel formalism. The relativistic three-quark equations for the bottom baryons using the dispersion relation technique are found. The approximate solutions of these equations based on the extraction of leading singularities of the amplitude are obtained. The calculated mass values of S-wave bottom baryons are in good agreement with the experimental ones.
We use the method of QCD Sum Rules to estimate the masses of the charm baryon, $Λ^+_c$, bottom baryon $Λ^0_b$, strange baryon $Λ^0_s$ and compare them to their experimental values.
The masses of heavy quark baryons are studied in an expansion in 1/N_c, SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking, and heavy-quark symmetry breaking. Very accurate model-independent mass relations are obtained for charm and bottom baryons.
The masses of negative parity $(70,1^-)$ bottom nonstrange baryons are calculated in the relativistic quark model. The relativistic three-quark equations of the $(70,1^-)$ bottom baryon multiplet are derived in the framework of the dispersion relation technique. The approximate solutions of these equations using the method based on the extraction of leading singularities of the amplitude are obtained. The masses of 21 baryons are predicted.
We give the first estimate of charmless scalar meson emitting weak hadronic decays of 0 $\Lembda_{b}^{0}$, $Ξ_{b}^{0}$ and $Ξ_{b}^{-}$ bottom baryons employing the pole model and consequently predict their branching ratios.
Radiative decays of $P$-wave bottom baryons from light-cone sum rules
本研究用光锥求和规则全面分析P波底重子的辐射衰变，发现部分态强衰变宽度有限，辐射衰变不可忽略，为未来实验提供理论依据。
The present work has been done on the baryons containing one, two, or three bottom quarks. In this article, the ground-state masses of $Ω_{b}^{-}$, $Ξ_{bb}^{0}$, $Ξ_{bb}^{-}$, $Ω_{bb}^{-}$, and $Ω_{bbb}^{*-}$ baryons are calculated within the framework of Regge phenomenology. Further, the values of Regge slopes and Regge intercepts for singly, doubly, and triply bottom baryons are estimated in both the ($J,M^{2}$) and ($n,M^{2}$) planes to calculate the excited-state masses of these baryons. Here our attempt is to assign a possible spin-parity to recently observed some singly bottom baryons an…
Recent discoveries of the Xi_b, Sigma_b and Sigma_b^* baryons at the Tevatron are in good agreement with model-independent mass predictions made a decade ago based on a combined expansion in 1/N_c, 1/m_Q and SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking. Using the new experimental data as input, mass predictions for the undiscovered bottom baryons Xi_b^\prime, Xi_b^*, Omega_b and Omega_b^* and for many unmeasured bottom baryon mass splittings are updated. The observed ground state charm baryons exhibit the mass hierarchy previously predicted by the 1/N_c, 1/m_Q and SU(3) flavor breaking expansion.
Exclusive nonleptonic decays of bottom baryons to charm baryons and pseudoscalar light mesons are analyzed within a relativistic three-quark model. We include factorizing as well as nonfactorizing contributions to the decay amplitudes. The total contribution of the nonfactorizing diagrams amount up to 30% of the factorizing contributions in amplitude. We present detailed predictions for rates and asymmetry parameters.
In the framework of the nonrelativistic diquark model of the heavy baryons and the perturbative approach of QCD we predict the value and energy dependence for the total cross section of the Lambda_b- and Sigma_b^* -baryons pair production at the energy range of the KEKB and PEP-II e^+e^- colliders.
Cabibbo-allowed two-body hadronic weak decays of bottom baryons are analyzed. Contrary to the charmed baryon sector, many channels of bottom baryon decays proceed only through the external or internal W-emission diagrams. Moreover, W-exchange is likely to be suppressed in the bottom baryon sector. Consequently, the factorization approach suffices to describe most of the Cabibbo-allowed bottom baryon decays. We use the nonrelativistic quark model to evaluate heavy-to-heavy and heavy-to-light baryon form factors at zero recoil. When applied to the heavy quark limit, the quark model results do sa…
The results for observables of semileptonic decays of bottom and charm baryons (Isgur-Wise functions, decay rates, distributions, asymmetry parameters) are given within relativistic quark model. A comparison with recent experimental data (CLEO Collaboration) is made.
We use the Field Correlator Method in QCD to calculate the masses of $Σ_c$, $Ξ_c$ and recently observed $Σ_b$, $Ξ_b$ baryons and their orbital excitations.
We provide the definition of the complete set of light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) for the ground state heavy bottom baryons with the spin-parities J^P = 1/2^+ and J^P = 3/2^+ in the heavy quark limit. We present the renormalization effects on the twist-2 light-cone distribution amplitudes and use the QCD sum rules to compute the moments of twist-2, twist-3, and twist-4 LCDAs. Simple models for the heavy baryon distribution amplitudes are analyzed with account of their scale dependence.
Bottom baryon decays into light meson and dark baryon within perturbative QCD approach
本文在微扰QCD框架下研究底重子衰变产生暗重子的过程，计算了形状因子和分支比，预测在LHCb和B工厂可检验。
$U$-spin conjugate $CP$ violation relations in bottom baryon decays
受首次观测重子衰变中$CP$破坏启发，本文研究了底重子衰变的$CP$不对称性关系，发现在$U$-自旋极限下共轭衰变道的$CP$破坏比率满足简单方程，并以四体衰变为例指出其可预测未观测道并供未来实验检验。
The binding energies of baryonic systems (BS) with baryon number $B=2, 3$ and 4 possessing heavy flavor, charm and bottom, are estimated within the rigid oscillator version of the bound state approach to chiral soliton models. Two tendencies are noted: the binding energy increases with increasing mass of the flavor and with increasing $B$. Therefore, the charmed or bottomed baryonic systems have more chances to be bound than strange baryonic systems discussed previously. The flavor symmetry breaking in decay constants $F$ is considered which is especially important for baryonic systems with bo…
Unified Spectroscopic Study of Bottom Mesons and Doubly Bottom Baryons Using a Relativistic Flux-Tube Model
本文使用带自旋相关修正的相对论流管模型，统一研究了单底介子与双底重子的质量谱，为多个高激发态共振态提供光谱分配，并全面预测了双底重子的基态与激发态，为未来实验搜索提供基准。
Charm and bottom baryons and mesons are studied within the framework of a relativistically covariant 3D reduction of the Bethe-Salpeter equation. We carry out an analysis of semileptonic decays of heavy hadrons within this framework using explicit oscillator-type wave functions where we calculate Isgur-Wise functions, decay rates and asymmetry parameters. Within this model we also study the effect of interactions between the light quarks inside the heavy baryon and how they affect the values of the computed heavy baryon observables. We also elaborate on the role of relativistic effects in the …
Decay widths and mass spectra of single bottom baryons
本文构建含自旋、自旋轨道和同位旋作用的 Hamiltonian 模型，系统计算单底重子至 $D$ 波的质谱，并用 $^3P_0$ 模型及电磁衰变分析给出衰变宽度，以指导 LHCb、ATLAS 和 CMS 实验搜寻。
I review the recent proposal that there are new isotriplet heavy baryons with masses approximately 2380 MeV and 5760 MeV. This prediction follows from the application of heavy spin-flavor and light $SU(3)$ symmetries to the observed charmed and bottom baryon states. It also entails assumptions about the spin and parity quantum numbers of the observed states which are different than is commonly supposed. The discovery of such states would imply that the nonrelativistic constituent quark model is a poor predictor of heavy baryon spectroscopy. I update the analysis in light of new data which have…
In this work, we explore the ground state mass spectrum of the bottom-charm baryon states in the framework of the QCD sum rules in a comprehensive way. In calculations, we distinguish the contributions of the positive-parity and negative-parity baryon states unambiguously, and investigate the energy scale dependence of the QCD sum rules in details and observe that the acceptable energy scales are $μ=2.0\sim 2.8\,\rm{GeV}$, while the best energy scale is $μ=2.0\,\rm{GeV}$. The predictions can be confronted to the experimental data in the future and shed light on the QCD low energy dynamics.
In this work, we study the mass spectrum of the $Ω_{ccc}$ and $Ω_{bbb}$ baryons up to the $N=2$ shell within a nonrelativistic constituent quark model (NRCQM). The model parameters are adopted from the determinations by fitting the charmonium and bottomonium spectra in our previous works. The masses of the $Ω_{ccc}$ and $Ω_{bbb}$ baryon states predicted in present work reasonably agree with the results obtained with the Lattice QCD calculations. Furthermore, to provide more knowledge of the $Ω_{ccc}$ and $Ω_{bbb}$ states, we evaluate their radiative decays with the available masses and wave fu…
We enumerated ground and excited state masses of singly heavy bottom-strange baryons using the Hypercentral Constituent Quark Model (hCQM). The screening potential is used with color-Coulomb potential, as the confining potential. We determine the possible $J^P$ values to recently observed excited states like, $Ξ_b(6100)$, $Ξ_b(6227)$, $Ξ_b(6327)$, $Ξ_b(6333)$ and four $Ω_b(6316,6330,6340,6350)$ states. The Regge trajectories are plotted in $(J, M^2)$ plane to assign the $J^P$ values and quantum numbers to recently observed states. Using the calculated spectroscopic data, properties such as mag…
Up to now, the excited charmed and bottom baryon states are still not well studied both experimentally and theoretically. In the present paper, we predict the mass of $Ω_b^*$, the only $L = 0$ baryon state which has not been observed, to be 6069.2 MeV. The spectra of charmed and bottom baryons with the orbital angular momentum $L = 1$ are studied in two popular constituent quark models, the Goldstone boson exchange (GBE) and the one gluon exchange (OGE) hyperfine interaction models, respectively. Inserting the latest experimental data from the "Review of Particle Physics", we find that in the …
A good agreement between a flux tube-based quark model of light baryons (strange and nonstrange) and the $1/N_c$ expansion mass formula has been found in previous studies. In the present work a larger connection is established between the quark model and the $1/N_c$ and $1/m_Q$ expansion method by extending the previous procedure to baryons made of one heavy and two light quarks. The compatibility between both approaches is shown to hold in this sector too.
A holographic bottom-up approach to $Σ$ baryons
本研究采用变形背景和静态dilaton两种自下而上全息方法，结合由$Σ$重子strange性质驱动的非线性Regge轨迹扩展，描述了特定量子数的中性$Σ$重子，两模型RMS误差均小于10%，并通过构型熵分析了强子稳定性。
Exclusive nonleptonic decays of bottom and charm baryons are studied within a relativistic three-quark model with a Gaussian shape for the momentum dependence of the baryon-three-quark vertex. We include factorizing as well as nonfactorizing contributions to the decay amplitudes. For heavy-to-light transitions Q -> q u d the total contribution of the nonfactorizing diagrams amount up to approximately 60% of the factorizing contributions in amplitude, and up to approximately 30% for b -> c u d transitions. We calculate the rates and the polarization asymmetry parameters for various nonleptonic …
We study the P-wave bottom baryons using the method of QCD sum rule and heavy quark effective theory. Our results suggest that Lambda_b(5912) and Lambda_b(5920) can be well described by the baryon doublet [3F_bar, 1, 1, rho], and they belong to the SU(3) 3F_bar multiplets of J(P)=1/2(-) and 3/2(-). Their SU(3) flavor partners, Xi_b(1/2-) and Xi_b(3/2-), have masses 6.06 \pm 0.13 GeV and 6.07 \pm 0.13 GeV, respectively, with mass splitting 9 \pm 4 MeV. The results obtained using baryon doublet [3F_bar, 1, 0, lambda] are similar and also consistent with the experimental data. We also study the S…
Mass spectra of double-bottom baryons
基于相对论夸克模型和高斯基函数方法系统研究了双底重子的质量谱，获得了允许量子态，分析了重子结构，构建了Regge轨迹，并预测了基态质量。
In the paper, we study the production of pentaquark $\bar{c}q qqq$ from singly bottom baryon. The tensor representations of pentaquark $\bar{c}q qqq$ are completed at first. Under the light quark symmetry analysis, we decompose the singly charmed pentaquarks into $6$, $15$ and $15'$ multiple states, and deduce the representations of these states. Then we construct the production Hamiltonian of the multiple states in proper order. For completeness, we systematically study the production channels of pentaquark states, including the possible production amplitudes and cross section relations betwe…
Interpretation of recently discovered single bottom baryons in the relativistic flux tube model
本文在相对论性流管模型中用夸克–双夸克图像计算单底重子质量谱与强衰变宽度，识别多个新发现态并给出线性 Regge 轨迹及高激发态预测。
Strong decay properties of P-wave single bottom baryons of the SU(3) flavor antitriplet $\bf\bar 3_F$
本研究在重夸克有效理论框架下结合QCD求和规则与光锥求和规则，系统计算SU(3)味反三重态P波底重子的强衰变性质，识别出8个可实验观测的底重子并汇总相关物理量供实验搜寻参考。
The reactions $Σ_b^* \to Λ_b π$, $Σ_b \to Λ_b π$, and $Ξ_b^* \to Ξ_b π$ are studied in the $^3P_0$ non-relativistic quark model with all the model parameters fixed in the sector of light quarks. The theoretical predictions for the decay widths $Γ_{Σ_b^* \to Λ_b π}$ and $Γ_{Σ_b \to Λ_b π}$ are consistent with the experimental data of the CDF Collaboration. Using as an input the recent mass of $Ξ_b$ and the theoretical predictions mass of $Ξ_b^{*}$, a narrow decay width about 1 MeV is predicted for the bottom baryon $Ξ_b^*$. The work suggests that the $^3P_0$ quark dynamics is of independence of…
This is an experimentalist's view of the recent results on, and prospects for, CP Violation in charmed and bottom baryons
The recent observation of Sigma_b^{+-} (uub and ddb) and Xi_b^- (dsb) baryons at the Tevatron within 2 MeV of our theoretical predictions provides a strong motivation for applying the same theoretical approach, based on modeling the color hyperfine interaction, to predict the masses of other bottom baryons which might be observed in the foreseeable future. For S-wave qqb states we predict M(Omega_b) = 6052.1+-5.6 MeV, M(Omega^*_b) = 6082.8+-5.6 MeV, and M(Xi_b^0) = 5786.7 +- 3.0 MeV. For states with one unit of orbital angular momentum between the b quark and the two light quarks we predict M(…
Mass spectra of bottom-charm baryons
本文利用相对论夸克模型和无穷小位移高斯基函数方法系统研究底粲重子质量谱，发现ρ模式能量较低，据此选择量子态并构建Regge轨迹，分析实验寻找基态的困难与机遇。
We discuss the structure of current-induced bottom baryon to charm baryon transitions, and the structure of pion and photon transitions between heavy charm or bottom baryons in the Heavy Quark Symmetry limit as ${\scriptstyle m_Q\rightarrow \infty}$. Our discussion involves the ground state $s$-wave heavy baryons as well as the excited $p$-wave heavy baryon states.
We discuss the physics of B0s mesons focusing on CP violation in B0s -> J/Psi Phi decays at the Tevatron. We summarize measurements of the properties of bottom baryons at the Tevatron including the Sigma_b states and the Xi_b baryon. We also discuss the discovery of the Omega_b baryon.
Bottom baryon masses are calculated based on a 2+1 flavor dynamical lattice QCD simulation. The gauge field configurations were computed by the CP-PACS and JLQCD collaborations using an improved clover action. The bottom quark is described using lattice NRQCD. Results are presented for single and double-b baryons at one lattice spacing. Comparison with experimental values is discussed.
Regge trajectories for the triply heavy bottom-charm baryons in the diquark picture
本文给出了三重底-粳重子的雷杰轨迹关系，估算了$\lambda$和$\rho$激发态质量，发现重子轨迹在$(M^2,\\,x)$平面中向下凹。
We calculate the magnetic moments of low lying heavy flavor bottom baryons using effective quark mass and shielded quark charge scheme. We obtain the magnetic moments of both $J^P = 1/2^+$ and $J^P = 3/2^+$ baryon states. We compare our predictions with other theoretical approaches.
The $Λ$-type P-wave bottom baryon states via the QCD sum rules
利用含轻夸克间显式P波的插值流与完全QCD求和规则，计算$J^P=1/2^-$、$3/2^-$的$Λ$型底重子质量，并指认多个$Λ_b$、$Ξ_b$候选态。
We perform a systematic study of the masses of charmed and bottom baryons in the framework of the QCD sum rule approach. Contributions of the operators up to dimension six are included in operator product expansion. The resulting heavy baryon masses from the calculations are well consistent with the experimental values, and predictions to the spectroscopy of the unobserved bottom baryons are also presented.
After the discovery of the double-charm baryon $Ξ_{cc}^{++}$ by LHCb, one of the most important topics is to search for the bottom-charm baryons which contain a $b$ quark, a $c$ quark and a light quark. In this work, we study the two-body non-leptonic weak decays of a bottom-charm baryon into a spin-$1/2$ bottomed baryon and a light pseudoscalar meson with the short-distance contributions calculated under the factorization hypothesis and the long-distance contributions considering the final-state-interaction effects. The branching fractions of all fifty-seven decay channels are estimated. The …
The recent observation at CDF and D0 of $Σ_b$, $Σ^*_b$ and $Ξ_b$ baryons opens the door to the advent of new states in the bottom baryon sector. The states measured provide sufficient constraints to fix the parameters of phenomenological models. One may therefore consistently predict the full bottom baryon spectra. For this purpose we have solved exactly the three-quark problem by means of the Faddeev method in momentum space. We consider our guidance may help experimentalists in the search for new bottom baryons and their findings will help in constraining further the phenomenological models.…
Topological amplitudes of bottom baryon decays in the $SU(3)_F$ limit
受重子衰变中首次观测到CP破坏启发，本文研究$SU(3)_F$极限下底重子衰变的拓扑振幅，推导拓扑与不可约振幅的线性关系，指出关键振幅并建议特定衰变道的CP不对称性测量及定理检验。
The heavy flavor conserving hadronic weak decay of the ground-state bottom baryons
本文基于非相对论构成夸克模型研究底重子的重味守恒强弱衰变，证明极项对Ξ_b^-→Λ_b^0 π^-分支比至关重要，并预测Ξ_b^0→Λ_b^0 π^0及Ω_b^-→Ξ_b^{-(0)}π^{0(-)}的衰变过程。
We study the weak radiative decays of ${\bf B}_b \to {\bf B}_n γ$ with ${\bf B}_{b(n)} $ the anti-triplet-bottom (octet) baryons in the light front quark model. We obtain that ${\cal B}(Λ_b \to Λγ)= (7.1 \pm 0.3 )\times 10 ^{-6}$, which agrees well with the current experimental value of $(7.1 \pm 1.7 )\times 10 ^{-6}$. We predict that ${\cal B}(Ξ_b^0 \to Ξ^0 γ)= (1.0 \pm 0.1 )\times 10 ^{-5}$ and ${\cal B}(Ξ_b^- \to Ξ^- γ) = (1.1 \pm 0.1) \times 10^{-5}$, which are consistent with the latest upper limits set by the LHCb collaboration. In addition, we find that the $SU(3)_F$ flavor symmetry bre…
The dynamical similarity which exists between the $λ$-mode excited $bbq$ baryons ($q$ refers to the $u$, $d$, and $s$ quarks) and the $\bar{b}q$ mesons inspires us to carry out a combined study of their spectroscopy. In this work, the masses and strong decays of these low-lying $b\bar{q}$ and $bbq$ states are studied by the same theoretical methods, and the dynamical similarity which is implied in their mass spectra and strong decays are also discussed. The recent discovered $\bar{b}q$ states, including the $B_J(5840)$, $B_J(5970)$, $B_{sJ}(6064)$, and $B_{sJ}(6114)$, are analyzed. According t…
Molecular states with bottom mesons and multistrange baryons systems
本文利用局域隐规范方法和耦合道 Bethe-Salpeter 方程研究底介子与多奇异重子形成的分子态，预言了 S=-1 和 S=-2 部分同位旋道中的束缚态，并分析了理论不确定性。
I present a mini-review on the physics of heavy flavour baryons where I concentrate on the HQET description of their exclusive decay modes. In particular I discuss the structure of current-induced bottom baryon to charm baryon transitions, and the structure of pion and photon transitions between heavy charm or bottom baryons in the Heavy Quark Symmetry limit as m_Q->\infty. The emphasis is on the structural similarity of the Heavy Quark Symmetry predictions for the three types of transitions. The requisite coupling expressions are discussed both in the covariant framework as well as in terms o…
Spectroscopic properties of $1F$-wave singly bottom baryons
本研究计算了未观测到的$1F$波单底重子的质量谱与衰变性质，预测了关键衰变通道，为实验搜寻和量子数指派提供指导。
Triggered by experimental prospects to measure electromagnetic dipole moments of baryons containing a bottom quark, we calculate the CP-odd electric dipole moments (EDMs) of spin-1/2 single-bottom baryons. We consider CP-violating dimension-six operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory that involve bottom quarks, and apply heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory to compute the EDMs of several baryons. We discuss the expected size of the EDMs for beyond-the-Standard Model physics appearing at the TeV scale.
In-medium properties of the low-lying strange, charm, and bottom baryons in symmetric nuclear matter are studied in the quark-meson coupling (QMC) model. Results for the Lorentz-scalar effective masses, mean field potentials felt by the light quarks in the baryons, in-medium bag radii, and the lowest mode bag eigenvalues are presented for those calculated using the updated data. This study completes the in-medium properties of the low-lying baryons in symmetric nuclear matter in the QMC model, for the strange, charm and bottom baryons which contain one or two strange, one charm or one bottom q…
$U$-spin sum rules for two-body decays of bottom baryons
本文研究了底重子两体衰变的$U$-spin求和规则，提出新算符$S_b$，推导了相关主公式，并预测了分支比和新的衰变模式，提供了对底重子风味对称性的更精确检验。
We study the masses of the doubly bottom baryons and the charmed bottom baryons up to $\mathcal{O}\left(p^{3}\right)$ in heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory. For the low-energy constants, $g_{A}$ was determined in the quark model, and we fit to the lattice QCD data to determine $m_{0}$, $c_{1}$, and $c_{7}$. We show the numerical results up to $\mathcal{O}\left(p^{3}\right)$, and our results are compared with other theoretical results.
The ground state and first excited state masses of Omega(b) and Omega(bb) baryons are calculated in lattice QCD using dynamical 2+1 flavour gauge fields. A set of baryon operators employing different combinations of smeared quark fields was used in the framework of the variational method. Results for radial excitation energies were confirmed by carrying out a supplementary multiexponential fitting analysis. Comparison is made with quark model calculations.
The measured masses and strong decays of $Λ_b(6146)^0$ and $Λ_b(6152)^0$ required us to decode them as the 1$D$ excited states with $J^P=3/2^+$ and $J^P=5/2^+$, respectively. Under the suggested assignment, the masses and total decay widths of $Λ_b(6146)^0$ and $Λ_b(6152)^0$ can be explained. As a $J^P=3/2^+$ state, the $Λ_b(6146)^0$ should mainly decay into $Σ_b(5815)π$. However, this theoretical result is in contradiction to the measurement since no significant $Λ_b(6146)^0\rightarrowΣ_b(5815)^\pmπ^\mp$ signals were observed by the LHCb. The possible explanations to this difficulty are menti…
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