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arXiv 0806.2973astro-ph
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有中心质量椭圆星系的长期演化速率

The rate of secular evolution in elliptical galaxies with central masses

Constantinos Kalapotharakos

摘要:

我们研究了一系列的$N-$体模拟代表椭圆星系的中心质量。从两个具有光滑中心的不同系统开始,它们最初具有三轴构型并且处于平衡状态,我们向它们插入各种值的中心质量。在这样的插入之后,系统立即呈现出在混沌轨道中运动的粒子的高比例,这一事实导致向新的平衡态的长期演化。混沌轨道负责长期的演变被确定。他们的典型Lypaeplasticity指数被发现与中央质量的比例作为一个权力的法律$L\propto m^s$与$s$接近1/2。一个有效的长期演变的哈勃时间内的要求进行检查。通过引入称为\emph{effective chaotic momentum} $\mathscr{L}$的量来量化这些要求。这个量被发现与系统长期演化的速率有很好的相关性。特别是,我们发现,当$\mathscr{L}$低于阈值(0.004在我们的$N-$身体单位)的系统不再表现出显着的长期演变。

英文摘要:

We study a series of $N-$body simulations representing elliptical galaxies with central masses. Starting from two different systems with smooth centres, which have initially a triaxial configuration and are in equilibrium, we insert to them central masses of various values. Immediately after such an insertion a system presents a high fraction of particles moving in chaotic orbits, a fact causing a secular evolution towards a new equilibrium state. The chaotic orbits responsible for the secular evolution are identified. Their typical Lypaunov exponents are found to scale with the central mass as a power law $L\propto m^s$ with $s$ close to 1/2. The requirements for an effective secular evolution within a Hubble time are examined. These requirements are quantified by introducing a quantity called \emph{effective chaotic momentum} $\mathscr{L}$. This quantity is found to correlate well with the rate of the systems' secular evolution. In particular, we find that when $\mathscr{L}$ falls below a threshold value (0.004 in our $N-$body units) a system does no longer exhibit significant secular evolution.

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