玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中振荡孤子/涡旋环的密度工程
Density engineering of an oscillating soliton/vortex ring in a Bose-Einstein condensate
摘要：
当两个玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体（BEC）以高碰撞能量碰撞时，产生著名的物质波干涉图样。当碰撞能量较低时，排斥作用能变得显著，干涉图样演化为灰孤子阵列。产生单对孤子的最低碰撞能量尚未被探测。我们利用愈合长度尺度上的密度工程来产生这样一对孤子。这些孤子然后周期性地演变之间的涡环和孤子，我们在原位图像的愈合长度尺度。稳定的，周期性的演变是在鲜明的对比，在以前的实验中，孤子通过蛇不稳定性不可逆地衰减成涡环的行为。这种演化可以用狭义凝聚态的质量守恒和能量守恒来理解。两种性质不同的形式之间的周期性振荡似乎是自然界中罕见的现象。
英文摘要：
When two Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC's) collide with high collisional energy, the celebrated matter wave interference pattern results. For lower collisional energies the repulsive interaction energy becomes significant, and the interference pattern evolves into an array of grey solitons. The lowest collisional energy, producing a single pair of solitons, has not been probed. We use density engineering on the healing length scale to produce such a pair of solitons. These solitons then evolve periodically between vortex rings and solitons, which we image in-situ on the healing length scale. The stable, periodic evolution is in sharp contrast to the behavior of previous experiments, in which the solitons decay irreversibly into vortex rings via the snake instability. The evolution can be understood in terms of conservation of mass and energy in a narrow condensate. The periodic oscillation between two qualitatively different forms seems to be a rare phenomenon in nature.
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