非均匀脆性材料破坏中的脱钉转变
Depinning transition in failure of inhomogeneous brittle materials
摘要：
研究了弹性非均匀材料中裂纹扩展的动力学问题。针对脆性岩石测量了平均裂纹速度随外部载荷的变化，并显示出两种不同的状态：在给定的阈值Gc以下，裂纹速度由指数律v ~ exp^{-（C/（G-（Gamma））}的亚临界传播特性，而对于较大的驱动力G > Gc值，在θ = 0.80 $\pm$ 0.15的条件下，速度的变化服从幂律v ~（G-G_c）^θ。这些结果可以用断裂力学连续介质理论推广到无序系统来解释。在本说明书中，裂纹的运动类似于在随机介质中驱动的弹性线的运动，当载荷足够大以使裂纹前缘与材料的非均匀性分离时，发生临界破坏。
英文摘要：
The dynamics of a crack propagating in an elastic inhomogeneous material is investigated. The variations of the average crack velocity with the external loading are measured for a brittle rock and are shown to display two distinct regimes: Below a given threshold Gc, the crack velocity is well described by an exponential law v ~ exp^{-(C/(G-(Gamma))} characteristic of subcritical propagation, while for larger values of the driving force G > Gc, the velocity evolves as a power law v ~ (G - G_c)^theta with theta = 0.80 $\pm$ 0.15. These results can be explained extending the continuum theory of Fracture Mechanics to disordered systems. In this description, the motion of a crack is analogue to the one of an elastic line driven in a random medium and critical failure occurs when the loading is sufficiently large to depinne the crack front from the heterogeneities of the material.
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