由单个传播裂纹产生的声事件的余震序列和类地震组织
Aftershock sequences and seismic-like organization of acoustic events produced by a single propagating crack
摘要：
非均质材料如岩石、混凝土或陶瓷的脆性断裂有两种类型：名义上的脆性，由单个主裂纹的扩展驱动;或准脆性，由许多微裂纹的积累引起。后者伴随着噪声，噪声的分析表明，事件形成余震序列，遵循着让人想起地震学的特征规律。但其起源缺乏解释。在这里，我们表明，这样的统计组织不仅是特定的准脆性破坏和地震学的多裂纹的情况下，但也规则的传播裂纹产生的声学事件。这种简单的情况使我们能够将这些定律与事件间时间和能量的整体无标度分布联系起来，并揭示它们对裂纹速度的选择。这些结果提供了一个全面的图片，如何组织声事件后，在最基本的断裂状态的材料故障：单传播裂纹。
英文摘要：
Brittle fractures of inhomogeneous materials like rocks, concrete, or ceramics are of two types: Nominally brittle and driven by the propagation of a single dominant crack or quasi-brittle and resulting from the accumulation of many microcracks. The latter goes along with acoustic noise, whose analysis has revealed that events form aftershock sequences obeying characteristic laws reminiscent of those in seismology. Yet, their origin lacks explanation. Here we show that such a statistical organization is not only specific to the multi-cracking situations of quasi-brittle failure and seismology, but also rules the acoustic events produced by a propagating crack. This simpler situation has permitted us to relate these laws to the overall scale-free distribution of inter-event time and energy and to uncover their selection by the crack speed. These results provide a comprehensive picture of how acoustic events are organized upon material failure in the most fundamental of fracture states: single propagating cracks.
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