非均匀脆性固体中的裂纹扩展：间歇性、裂纹和诱发地震
Crack growth in heterogeneous brittle solids : Intermittency, crackling and induced seismicity
摘要：
裂纹扩展是脆性材料失效的基本机理。工程学在连续介质力学的框架内解决了这个问题，它将确定性地将裂纹运动与施加的载荷联系起来。然而，这样的理想化，在几种情况下失败，特别是不能捕捉高度不稳定的（地震般的）动态有时观察到在缓慢破裂的异质固体。在这里，我们研究这个问题，通过控制微观结构的人造岩石中的裂纹扩展的创新实验。分别从空间平均裂纹速度的时间波动和诱导声发射两个方面分析了全局和局部尺度下的动力学事件。他们的统计特征和最近的方法映射断裂发生的弹性界面的脱钉的预测进行比较。最后，事件的整体时间大小组织的特点，揭示了在地震学中观察到的标度律的机制。
英文摘要：
Crack growth is the basic mechanism leading to the failure of brittle materials. Engineering addresses this problem within the framework of continuum mechanics, which links deterministically the crack motion to the applied loading. Such an idealization, however, fails in several situations and in particular cannot capture the highly erratic (earthquake-like) dynamics sometimes observed in slowly fracturing heterogeneous solids. Here, we examine this problem by means of innovative experiments of crack growth in artificial rocks of controlled microstructure. The dynamical events are analyzed at both global and local scales, from the time fluctuation of the spatially-averaged crack speed and the induced acoustic emission, respectively. Their statistics are characterized and compared with the predictions of a recent approach mapping fracture onset with the depinning of an elastic interface. Finally, the overall time-size organization of the events are characterized to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the scaling laws observed in seismology.
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