We show that if a real $x$ is strongly Hausdorff $h$-random, where $h$ is a dimension function corresponding to a convex order, then it is also random for a continuous probability measure $μ$ such that the $μ$-measure of the basic open cylinders shrinks according to $h$. The proof uses a new method to construct measures, based on effective (partial) continuous transformations and a basis theorem for $Π^0_1$-classes applied to closed sets of probability measures. We use the main result to give a new proof of Frostman's Lemma, to derive a collapse of randomness notions for Hausdorff measures, and to provide a characterization of effective Hausdorff dimension similar to Frostman's Theorem.
We reformulate slightly Russell's notion of typicality, so as to eliminate its circularity and make it applicable to elements of any first-order structure. We argue that the notion parallels Martin-Löf (ML) randomness, in the sense that it uses definable sets in place of computable ones and sets of ``small'' cardinality (i.e., strictly smaller than that of the structure domain) in place of measure zero sets. It is shown that if the domain $M$ satisfies $cf(|M|)>\aleph_0$, then there exist $|M|$ typical elements and only $<|M|$ non-typical ones. In particular this is true for the standard model…
We investigate which infinite binary sequences (reals) are effectively random with respect to some continuous (i.e., non-atomic) probability measure. We prove that for every n, all but countably many reals are n-random for such a measure, where n indicates the arithmetical complexity of the Martin-Löf tests allowed. The proof is based on a Borel determinacy argument and presupposes the existence of infinitely many iterates of the power set of the natural numbers. In the second part of the paper we present a metamathematical analysis showing that this assumption is indeed necessary. More precis…
In this article, we study several aspects of the intersections of algorithmically random closed sets. First, we answer a question of Cenzer and Weber, showing that the operation of intersecting relatively random closed sets (with respect to certain underlying measures induced by Bernoulli measures on the space of codes of closed sets), which preserves randomness, can be inverted: a random closed set of the appropriate type can be obtained as the intersection of two relatively random closed sets. We then extend the Cenzer/Weber analysis to the intersection of multiple random closed sets, identi…