The lowest Landau level of graphene is studied numerically by considering a tight-binding Hamiltonian with disorder. The Hall conductance $σ_\mathrm{xy}$ and the longitudinal conductance $σ_\mathrm{xx}$ are computed. We demonstrate that bond disorder can produce a plateau-like feature centered at $ν=0$, while the longitudinal conductance is nonzero in the same region, reflecting a band of extended states between $\pm E_{c}$, whose magnitude depends on the disorder strength. The critical exponent corresponding to the localization length at the edges of this band is found to be $2.47\pm 0.04$. When both bond disorder and a finite mass term exist the localization length exponent varies continuously between $\sim 1.0$ and $\sim 7/3$.
We investigate numerically whether the chiral symmetry is the sole factor dominating the criticality of the quantum Hall transitions in disordered graphene. When the disorder respects the chiral symmetry, the plateau-to-plateau transition at the $n=0$ Landau level is shown to become anomalous (i.e., step-function-like). Surprisingly, however, the anomaly is robust against the inclusion of the uniform next-nearest neighbor hopping, which degrades the chiral symmetry of the lattice models. We have also shown that the ac (optical) Hall conductivity exhibits a robust plateau structure when the dis…
Our understanding of localization in the integer quantum Hall effect is informed by a combination of semi-classical models and percolation theory. Motivated by the effect of correlations on classical percolation we study numerically electron localization in the lowest Landau level in the presence of a power-law correlated disorder potential. Careful comparisons between classical and quantum dynamics suggest that the extended Harris criterion is applicable in the quantum case. This leads to a prediction of new localization quantum critical points in integer quantum Hall systems with power-law c…
Spatial correlations of occupation probabilities, if their decay is not too fast, can change the critical exponents for classical percolation. From numerical studies of electron dynamics in the lowest Landau level (LLL) we demonstrate the quantum analog of this effect. Similar to classical percolation, we find that the extended Harris criterion applies to localization in the LLL. These results suggest experiments that might probe new quantum critical points in the integer quantum Hall setting.
An effective Hamiltonian for spinless electrons in the lowest Landau level (LLL) close to half filling is derived. As opposed to the treatment in standard Chern-Simons theories (CS) we first project to the LLL and only then apply a CS-transformation on the Hamiltonian. The transformed field operators act in the lowest Landau level only {\it and} have fermionic commutation relations for small wavenumbers ignoring gauge field fluctuations. When acting on the Hamiltonian at half filling the {\it gauge transformation removes the monopole term in the interaction and does not eliminate the magnetic …
The stripe state in the lowest Landau level is studied by the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method. The ground state energy and pair correlation functions are systematically calculated for various pseudopotentials in the lowest Landau level. We show that the stripe state in the lowest Landau level is realized only in a system whose width perpendicular to the two-dimensional electron layer is smaller than the order of magnetic length.
We consider electrons in two dimensions in a strong magnetic field at half filling of the lowest Landau level using the Chern-Simons approach. Starting from a lattice Hamiltonian for the electrons, we derive a path integral (PI) formulation for the composite fermions (CF) which respects the order of the operators. We use a time lattice with intermediate times in order to have a PI expressed in density fluctuations. This formulation reveals that there is no infrared (IR) singularity in the grand-canonical potential in lowest order perturbation theory.
We develop a bosonization scheme for the collective dynamics of a spinless two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in the lowest Landau level. The system is treated as a continuous elastic medium, and quantum commutation relations are imposed between orthogonal components of the elastic displacement field. This theory provides a unified description of bulk and edge excitations of compressible and incompressible phases, and explains the results of recent tunneling experiments at the edge of the 2DEG.
The effects of Landau level mixing and finite thickness of the two-dimensional electron gas on the relative stability of skyrmion and single spin-flip excitations at Landau level filling factor $ν=1$ have been investigated. Landau level mixing is studied by fixed-phase diffusion Monte Carlo and finite thickness is included by modifying the effective Coulomb interaction. Both Landau level mixing and finite thickness lower skyrmion excitation energies and favor skyrmions with fewer spin flips. However, the two effects do not work `coherently'. When finite thickness is included the effect of Land…
We study the spectrum and magnetic properties of double quantum dots in the lowest Landau level for different values of the hopping and Zeeman parameters by means of exact diagonalization techniques in systems of N=6 and N=7 electrons and filling factor close to 2. We compare our results with those obtained in double quantum layers and single quantum dots. The Kohn theorem is also discussed.
An understanding of the physics of half or quarter filled lowest Landau level has been achieved in terms of a Fermi sea of composite fermions, but the nature of the state at other even-denominator fractions has remained unclear. We investigate in this work Landau level fillings of the form $ν=(2n+1)/(4n+4)$, which correspond to composite fermion fillings $ν^*=n+1/2$. By considering various plausible candidate states, we rule out the composite-fermion Fermi sea and paired composite-fermion state at these filling factors, and predict that the system phase separates into stripes of $n$ and $n+1$ …
Considering the system of interacting electrons in the lowest Landau level we show that the corresponding four-fermion Hamiltonian is invariant with respect to the local area-preserving transformations. Testing a certain class of interaction potentials, we find that this symmetry is universal with respect to a concrete type of potentials.
Demagnetization, which is inherently present in the magnetic response of small finite-size superconductors, can be accounted for by an effective $κ$ within a two-dimensional lowest Landau level approximation of the Ginzburg-Landau functional. We show this by comparing the equilibrium magnetization of superconducting mesoscopic disks obtained from the numerical solution of the three-dimensional Ginzburg-Landau equations with that obtained in the ``effective'' LLL approximation.
We investigate the ground state properties of a two-dimensional electron gas in the lowest Landau level using the Density Matrix Renormalization Group. The electron gas is confined to a cylinder with a strong magnetic field perpendicular to the surface. For a thin cylinder, the ground state is for generic filling factors a charge density wave state, however, at $ν=1/2$ a homogeneous and apparently gapless ground state is found and particle and hole excitations are studied.
Using Darling's theorem on products of generalized hypergeometric series an analytic expression is obtained for the Coulomb matrix elements in the lowest Landau level in the representation of angular momentum. The result is important in the studies of Fractional Quantum Hall effect (FQHE) in disk geometry. Matrix elements are expressed as simple finite sums of positive terms, eliminating the need to approximate these quantities with slowly-convergent series. As a by-product, an analytic representation for certain integals of products of Laguerre polynomials is obtained.
The Coulomb gap observed in tunneling between parallel two-dimensional electron systems, each at half filling of the lowest Landau level, is found to depend sensitively on the presence of an in-plane magnetic field. Especially at low electron density, the width of the Coulomb gap at first increases sharply with in-plane field, but then abruptly levels off. This behavior appears to coincide with the known transition from partial to complete spin polarization of the half-filled lowest Landau level. The tunneling gap therefore opens a new window onto the spin configuration of two-dimensional elec…
We show that for any lowest-Landau-level state of a trapped, rotating, interacting Bose gas, the particle distribution in coordinate space in a free expansion (time of flight) experiment is related to that in the trap at the time it is turned off by a simple rescaling and rotation. When the lowest-Landau-level approximation is valid, interactions can be neglected during the expansion, even when they play an essential role in the ground state when the trap is present. The correlations in the density in a single snapshot can be used to obtain information about the fluid, such as whether a transi…
Tunneling measurements on 2D electron gases at high magnetic field reveal a qualitative difference between the two spin sublevels of the lowest Landau level. While the tunneling current-voltage characteristic at filling factor $ν= 1/2$ is a single peak shifted from zero bias by a Coulomb pseudogap, the spectrum at $ν=3/2$ shows a well-resolved double peak structure. This difference is present regardless of whether $ν=1/2$ and $ν= 3/2$ occur at the same or different magnetic fields. No analogous effect is seen at $ν= 5/2$ and 7/2 in the first excited Landau level.
We report on results of finite-size numerical studies of partially filled lowest Landau level at low electron filling factors. We find convincing evidence suggesting that electrons form Wigner Crystals at sufficiently low filling factors, and the critical filling factor is close to 1/7. At nu=1/7 we find the system undergoes a phase transition from Wigner Crystal to the incompressible Laughlin state when the short-range part of the Coulomb interaction is modified slightly. This transition is either continuous or very weakly first order.
Chern-Simons type gauge field is generated by the means of the singular area preserving transformations in the lowest Landau level of electrons forming fractional quantum Hall state. Dynamics is governed by the system of constraints which correspond to the Gauss law in the non-commutative Chern-Simons gauge theory and to the lowest Landau level condition in the picture of composite fermions. Physically reasonable solution to this constraints corresponds to the Laughlin state. It is argued that the model leads to the non-commutative Chern-Simons theory of the QHE and composite fermions.
Broadening of the Landau levels in graphene and the associated quantum Hall plateau-to-plateau transition are investigated numerically. For correlated bond disorder, the graphene-specific n=0 Landau level of the Dirac fermions becomes anomalously sharp accompanied by the Hall transition exhibiting a fixed-point-like criticality. Similarly anomalous behavior for the n=0 Landau level is also shown to occur in correlated random magnetic fields, which suggests that the anomaly is generic to disorders that preserve the chiral symmetry.
We study the localization property of a two-dimensional noninteracting electron gas in the presence of randomly distributed short-range scatterers. We evaluate the participation number of the eigenstates obtained by exact diagonalization technique. At low impurity concentrations we obtain self-averaged values showing that all states, except those exactly at the Landau level, are localized with finite localization length. We conclude that there is no universal localization exponent and at least at low impurity concentrations localization length does not diverge.
A system of N interacting bosons or fermions in a two-dimensional harmonic potential (or, equivalently, magnetic field) whose states are projected onto the lowest Landau level is considered. Generic expressions are derived for matrix elements of any interaction, in the basis of angular momentum eigenstates. For the fermion "ground state" (N=1 Laughlin state), this makes it possible to exactly calculate its energy all the way up to the mesoscopic regime N ~ 1000. It is also shown that for N = 3 and Coulomb interaction, several rational low-lying values of energy exist, for bosons and fermions a…
We report on our theoretical investigations that point to the possibility of a fractional quantum Hall effect with partial spin polarization at $ν=3/8$. The physics of the incompressible state proposed here involves p-wave pairing of composite fermions in the spin reversed sector. The temperature and magnetic field regimes for the realization of this state are estimated.
Measurements in very low disorder two-dimensional electrons confined to relatively wide GaAs quantum well samples with tunable density reveal reentrant $ν=1$ integer quantum Hall states in the lowest Landau level near filling factors $ν=4/5$ and 6/5. These states are not seen at low densities and become more prominent with increasing density and in wider wells. Our data suggest a close competition between different types of Wigner crystal states near these fillings. We also observe an intriguing disappearance and reemergence of the $ν=4/5$ fractional quantum Hall effect with increasing density…
By minimizing the coupled mean-field energy functionals, we investigate the ground-state properties of a rotating atomic boson-fermion mixture in a two-dimensional parabolic trap. At high angular frequencies in the mean-field-lowest-Landau-level regime, quantized vortices enter the bosonic condensate, and a finite number of degenerate fermions form the maximum-density-droplet state. As the boson-fermion coupling constant increases, the maximum density droplet develops into a lower-density state associated with the phase separation, revealing characteristics of a Landau-level structure.
Single particle basis functions for composite fermions are obtained from which many-composite fermion states confined to the lowest electronic Landau level can be constructed in the standard manner, i.e., by building Slater determinants. This representation enables a Monte Carlo study of systems containing a large number of composite fermions, yielding new quantitative and qualitative information. The ground state energy and the gaps to charged and neutral excitations are computed for a number of fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) states, earlier off-limits to a quantitative investigation. …
We investigate, analytically and numerically, the effects of disorder on the density of states and on the localization properties of the relativistic two dimensional fermions in the lowest Landau level. Employing a supersymmetric technique, we calculate the exact density of states for the Cauchy (Lorentzian) distribution for various types of disorders. We use a numerical technique to establish the localization-delocalization (LD) transition in the lowest Landau level. For some types of disorder the LD transition is shown to belong to a different universality class, as compared to the correspon…
We consider a periodic vortex lattice in a rotating Bose-Einstein condensed gas, where the centrifugal potential is exactly compensated by the external harmonic trap. By introducing a gauge transformation which makes the Hamiltonian periodic, we solve numerically the 2D Gross-Pitaevskii equation finding the exact mean field ground state. In particular, we explore the crossover between the Thomas-Fermi regime, holding for large values of the coupling constant, and the lowest Landau level limit, corresponding to the weakly interacting case. Explicit results are given for the equation of state, t…
The spin polarization versus temperature at or near a fully filled lowest Landau level is explored for finite-size systems in a periodic rectangular geometry. Our results at $ν=1$ which also include the finite-thickness correction are in good agreement with the experimental results. We also find that the interacting electron system results are in complete agreement with the results of the sigma model, i.e., skyrmions on a torus have a topological charge of $Q \ge 2$ and the Q=1 solution is like a single spin-flip excitation. Our results therefore provide direct evidence for the skyrmionic natu…
We investigate numerically different phases that can occur at half filling in the lowest and the first excited Landau levels in wide-well twodimensional electron systems exposed to a perpendicular magnetic field. Within a twocomponent model that takes into account only the two lowest electronic subbands of the quantum well, we derive a phase diagram that compares favorably with an experimental one by Shabani et al. [Phys. Rev. B 88, 245413 (2013)]. In addition to the compressible composite-fermion Fermi liquid in narrow wells with a substantial subband gap and the incompressible twocomponent (…
Using the recently developed approach to quantum Hall physics based on Newton-Cartan geometry, we consider the hydrodynamics of an interacting system on the lowest Landau level. We rephrase the non-relativistic fluid equations of motion in a manner that manifests the spacetime diffeomorphism invariance of the underlying theory. In the massless (or lowest Landau level) limit, the fluid obeys a force-free constraint which fixes the charge current. An entropy current analysis further constrains the energy response, determining four transverse response functions in terms of only two: an energy mag…
We report on detailed experimental studies of a high-quality heterojunction insulated-gate field-effect transistor (HIGFET) to probe the particle-hole symmetry (PHS) of the FQHE states about half-filling in the lowest Landau level. The HIGFET was specially designed to vary the density of a two-dimensional electronic system under constant magnetic fields. We find in our constant magnetic field, variable density measurements that the sequence of FQHE states at filling factors nu = 1/3, 2/5, 3/7 ... and its particle-hole conjugate states at filling factors 1 - nu = 2/3, 3/5, 4/7 ... have a very s…
We study the global density profile of a rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensate in a harmonic trap with transverse frequency $ω_{\perp}$. By introducing an additional variational degree of freedom to the lowest Landau level wave function, we demonstrate that with increasing strength of the interparticle interaction, the global density profile changes from a Gaussian to the inverted parabolic one characteristic of Thomas-Fermi theory. The criterion for the lowest Landau level wave function to be a good approximation for the global structure is that the mean field energy be small compared wit…
In a magnetic field graphene trilayers support a special multiplet of 12 zero(-energy)-mode Landau levels with a threefold degeneracy in Landau orbitals. A close look is made into such zero-mode levels in ABA-stacked trilayers, with the Coulomb interaction taken into account. It turns out that the zero-mode Landau levels of ABA trilayers are greatly afflicted with electron-hole and valley asymmetries, which come from general hopping parameters and which are enhanced by the Coulomb interaction and the associated vacuum effect, the orbital Lamb shift, that lifts the zero-mode degeneracy. These a…
Magneto-transport experiments on ABC-stacked suspended trilayer graphene reveal a complete splitting of the twelve-fold degenerated lowest Landau level, and, in particular, the opening of an exchange-driven gap at the charge neutrality point. A quantitative analysis of distinctness of the quantum Hall plateaus as a function of field yields a hierarchy of the filling factors: ν=6, 4, and 0 are the most pronounced, followed by ν=3, and finally ν=1, 2 and 5. Apart from the appearance of a ν=4 state, which is probably caused by a layer asymmetry, this sequence is in agreement with Hund's rules for…
We reconsider the theory of the half-filled lowest Landau level using the Chern-Simons formulation and study the grand-canonical potential in the random-phase approximation (RPA). Calculating the unperturbed response functions for current- and charge-density exactly, without any expansion with respect to frequency or wave vector, we find that the integral for the ground-state energy converges rapidly (algebraically) at large wave vectors k, but exhibits a logarithmic divergence at small k. This divergence originates in the 1/k^2 singularity of the Chern-Simons interaction and it is already pre…
We study the effect of electron-electron interaction and spin on electronic and transport properties of gated graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) in a perpendicular magnetic field in the regime of the lowest Landau level (LL). The electron-electron interaction is taken into account using the Hartree and Hubbard approximations, and the conductance of GNRs is calculated on the basis of the recursive Greens function technique within the Landauer formalism. We demonstrate that, in comparison to the one-electron picture, electron-electron interaction leads to the drastic changes in the dispersion relation …
We present a set of explicit trial wavefunctions for the filling factors ν=n/(2n\pm 1) and ν=1/2 in the symmetric gauge. We show that the zeroes of the wavefunction, except those dictated by the Fermi statistics, are detached from the particles. The evolution of zeroes as the filling factor is varied is examined. We show that the wavefunction at half-filling exhibits a 2k_F-like oscillation in its occupation number profile. The center-of-mass motion of the ground state droplet is described in terms of the intra-Landau- level excitations of composite fermions.
The transition between the stripe state and the liquid state in a high magnetic field is studied by the density-matrix renormalization-group (DMRG) method. Systematic analysis on the ground state of two-dimensional electrons in the lowest Landau level shows that the transition from the stripe state to the liquid state at v=3/8 is caused by a reduction of repulsive interaction around r=3. The same reduction of the interaction also stabilizes the incompressible liquid states at v=1/3 and 2/5, which shows a similarity between the two liquid states at v=3/8 and 1/3. It is also shown that the stron…
Using the path-integral approach developed by Brézin et al. [ Nucl.Phys.B235, 24 (1984) ], we obtain an analytical expression for the density of states of a spin-1/2 disordered two-dimensional electron gas in a strong, perpendicular magnetic field. The density of states of this system illustrates the interplay between the Zeeman splitting of Landau levels and the disorder-induced broadening. We find that the broadening and the band splitting of the Landau bands are enhanced due to the level repulsion from the mixing of two spin orientations caused by the random scatterings. The comparison betw…
We create rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates in the lowest Landau level, by spinning up the condensates to rotation rates $Ω>99%$ of the centrifugal limit for a harmonically trapped gas, while reducing the number of atoms. As a consequence, the chemical potential drops below the cyclotron energy $2\hbarΩ$. While in this mean-field quantum Hall regime we still observe an ordered vortex lattice, its elastic shear strength is strongly reduced, as evidenced by the observed very low frequency of Tkachenko modes. Furthermore, the gas approaches the quasi-two-dimensional limit. The associated…
We present the results of numerical calculations of the groundstates of weakly-interacting Bose-Einstein condensates containing large numbers of vortices. Our calculations show that these groundstates appear to be close to uniform triangular vortex lattices. However, slight deviations from a uniform triangular lattice have dramatic consequences on the overall particle distribution. In particular, we demonstrate that the overall particle distribution averaged on a lengthscale large compared to the vortex lattice constant is well approximated by a Thomas-Fermi profile.
A longstanding puzzle for the lowest Landau level crystal phase has been an order of magnitude discrepancy between the theoretically calculated energy of the defects and the measured activation gap. We perform an extensive study of various kinds of defects in the correlated composite fermion crystal and find that the lowest energy defect is a six-fold symmetric "hyper-correlated bubble interstitial," in which an interstitial particle forms a strongly correlated bound state with a particle of the crystal. The energy of the bubble defect is a factor of $\sim$3 smaller than that of the lowest ene…
We examine the quantum phase diagram of the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) in the lowest two Landau levels in half-filled bilayer structures as a function of tunneling strength and layer separation, i.e., we revisit the lowest Landau level filling factor 1/2 bilayer problem and make new predictions involving bilayers in the half-filled second Landau level (i.e., filling factor 5/2). Using numerical exact diagonalization we investigate the important question of whether this system supports a FQHE described by the non-Abelian Moore-Read Pfaffian state in the strong tunneling regime. In th…
Using a momentum representation of a magnetic von Neumann lattice, we study a two-dimensional electron in a uniform magnetic field and obtain one-particle spectra of various periodic short-range potential problems in the lowest Landau level.We find that the energy spectra satisfy a duality relation between a period of the potential and a magnetic length. The energy spectra consist of the Hofstadter-type bands and flat bands. We also study the connection between a periodic short-range potential problem and a tight-binding model.
There exists a widely believed opinion, that the many-body ground state of a two-dimensional electron system at a completely filled lowest Landau level (the filling factor $ν=1$) is described by the so-called Hartree-Fock wave function, and that this solution is the unique, exact eigenstate of the system at $ν=1$. I show that this opinion is erroneous, construct an infinite number of other variational many-body wave functions, and discuss the properties of a few states which have the energy substantially lower than the energy of the Hartree-Fock state.
We study the electronic transport in the lowest Landau level of disordered two-dimensional semimetals placed in a homogeneous perpendicular magnetic field. The material system is modeled by the Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang Hamiltonian, which has zero energy Landau modes due to the material's intrinsic Berry curvature. These turn out to be crucially important for the density of states and the static conductivity of the disordered system. We develop an analytical approach to the diffusion and conductivity based on a self-consistent equation of motion for the mean squared displacement. The obtained valu…
The energy spectrum for an ultracold rotating Bose gas in a harmonic trap is calculated exactly for small systems, allowing the atoms to occupy several Landau levels. Two vortex-like states and two strongly correlated states (the Pfaffian and Laughlin) are considered in detail. In particular, their critical rotation frequencies and energy gaps are determined as a function of particle number, interaction strength, and the number of Landau levels occupied (up to three). For the vortex-like states, the Lowest Landau level (LLL) approximation is justified only if the interaction strength decreases…
We theoretically predict the radiation-induced ``zero-resistance state'' near half filling of the lowest Landau level, which is caused by the photon-assisted transport in the presence of oscillating density of states due to composite fermion Landau levels, and is analogous to the radiation-induced ``zero-resistance state'' of electrons at low magnetic fields. Based on a non-perturbative theory, we show that the radiation field does not break the bound state of electrons and flux quanta, i.e. composite fermions. Our prediction is independent of the power and frequency of radiation field.
We present results for the ground states of a system of spin-1 bosons in a rotating trap. We focus on the dilute, weakly interacting regime, and restrict the bosons to the quantum states in the lowest Landau level (LLL) in the plane (disc), sphere or torus geometries. We map out parts of the zero temperature phase diagram, using both exact quantum ground states and LLL mean field configurations. For the case of a spin-independent interaction we present exact quantum ground states at angular momentum $L\leq N$. For general values of the interaction parameters, we present mean field studies of g…
By strictly adhering to the microscopic theory of composite fermions (CFs) for the Landau-level filling fractions ν_e = p/(2 p + 1), we reproduce, with remarkable accuracy, the surface-acoustic-wave (SAW)-based experimental results by Willett and co-workers concerning two-dimensional electron systems with ν_e close to 1/2. Our results imply that the electron band mass m_b, as distinct from the CF mass m_*, must undergo a substantial increase under the conditions corresponding to ν_e close to 1/2. We further establish that a finite mean-free path \ell_0 is essential for the observed linearity o…
We solve a model that describes an interacting electron gas in the half-filled lowest Landau level on a thin torus, with radius of the order of the magnetic length. The low energy sector consists of non-interacting, one-dimensional, neutral fermions. The ground state, which is homogeneous, is the Fermi sea obtained by filling the negative energy states and the excited states are gapless neutral excitations out of this one-dimensional sea. Although the limit considered is extreme, the solution has a striking resemblance to the composite fermion description of the bulk $ν=1/2$ state--the ground …
We investigate theoretically the fractional quantum Hall effect at half-filling in the lowest Landau level observed in asymmetric wide quantum wells. The asymmetry can be achieved by a potential bias applied between the two sides of the well. Within exact-diagonalization calculations in the spherical geometry, we find that the incompressible state is described in terms of a two-component wave function. Its overlap with the ground state can be optimized with the help of a rotation in the space of the pseudospin, which mimics the lowest two electronic subbands.
When two-dimensional electrons are subjected to a very strong magnetic field, they are believed to form a triangular Wigner crystal. We demonstrate that, in the entire crystal phase, this crystal is very well represented by a composite-fermion-crystal wave function, revealing that it is not a simple Hartree-Fock crystal of electrons but an inherently quantum mechanical crystal characterized by a non-perturbative binding of quantized vortices to electrons, which establishes a long range quantum coherence in it. It is suggested that this has qualitative consequences for experiment.
This paper is a review of monopoles, lowest Landau level, fuzzy spheres, and their mutual relations. The Hopf maps of division algebras provide a prototype relation between monopoles and fuzzy spheres. Generalization of complex numbers to Clifford algebra is exactly analogous to generalization of fuzzy two-spheres to higher dimensional fuzzy spheres. Higher dimensional fuzzy spheres have an interesting hierarchical structure made of "compounds" of lower dimensional spheres. We give a physical interpretation for such particular structure of fuzzy spheres by utilizing Landau models in generic ev…
Four different spin structures of two electrons and of two holes situated on the lowest Landau levels (LLLs) are taken into account to investigate possible bound states of the two-dimensional magnetic biexciton formed of two magnetoexcitons with opposite wave vectors and antiparallel dipole moments. The singlet and triplet states of the spins of two electrons and of two holes separately, as well as of two para- and two ortho-magnetoexcitons are considered. The general expressions describing the binding energy of the bound states and the normalization conditions characterized by the effective s…
