We give an infinite dimensional generalized Weierstrass representation for spacelike constant mean curvature (CMC) surfaces in Minkowski 3-space $\real^{2,1}$. The formulation is analogous to that given by Dorfmeister, Pedit and Wu for CMC surfaces in Euclidean space, replacing the group $SU_2$ with $SU_{1,1}$. The non-compactness of the latter group, however, means that the Iwasawa decomposition of the loop group, used to construct the surfaces, is not global. We prove that it is defined on an open dense subset, after doubling the size of the real form $SU_{1,1}$, and prove several results concerning the behavior of the surface as the boundary of this open set is encountered. We then use the generalized Weierstrass representation to create and classify new examples of spacelike CMC surfaces in $\real^{2,1}$. In particular, we classify surfaces of revolution and surfaces with screw motion symmetry, as well as studying another class of surfaces for which the metric is rotationally invariant.
$\mathcal{H}-$holomorphic curves are solutions of a specific modification of the pseudoholomorphic curve equation in symplectizations involving a harmonic $1-$form as perturbation term. In this paper we compactify the moduli space of $\mathcal{H}-$holomorphic curves with a priori bounds on the harmonic $1-$forms.
This paper introduces a complex representation for spacelike surfaces in the Lorentz-Minkowski space $L^4$, based in two complex valued functions which can be assumed to be holomorphic or anti-holomorphic. When the immersion is contained in quadrics of $L^4$, the representation then allows us to obtain interesting partial differential equations with holomorphic or anti-holomorphic parameters, within which we find the partial Riccati Equation. Using then theory of holomorphic complex functions we construct explicitly new local solutions for those PDEs together with its associated geometric solu…
In his 1989 paper, Floer established a connection between holomorphic strips with boundary on a Lagrangian $L$ and a small Hamiltonian push-off $L_{f}$, and gradient flow lines for the function $f$. The present paper studies the compactness theory for holomorphic curves $u_{n}$ whose boundary components lie on Hamiltonian perturbations $L_{n}^{1},\dots,L^{N}_{n}$ of a fixed Lagrangian $L$, where each sequence of nearby Lagrangians $L^{j}_{n}$ converges to $L$ as $n\to\infty$. Generalizing earlier work of Oh, Fukaya, Ekholm, and Zhu, we prove that the limit of a sequence of such holomorphic map…
H-holomorphic maps are a parameter version of J-holomorphic maps into contact manifolds. They have arisen in efforts to prove the existence of higher--genus holomorphic open book decompositions and efforts to prove the existence of finite energy foliations and the Weinstein conjecture, as well as in folded holomorphic maps. For all these applications it is essential to understand the compactness properties of the space of H-holomorphic maps. We prove that the space of H-holomorphic maps with bounded periods into a manifold with stable Hamiltonian structure possesses a natural compactification.…
A minimal space-like surface in Minkowski space-time is said to be of general type if it is free of degenerate points. The fact that minimal space-like surfaces of general type in Minkowski space-time admit canonical parameters of the first (second) type implies that any minimal space-like surface is determined uniquely up to a motion in space-time by the Gauss curvature and the normal curvature, satisfying a system of two PDE's (the system of natural PDE's). In fact this solves the problem of Lund-Regge for minimal space-like surfaces. Using canonical Weierstrass representations of minimal sp…
We prove that any minimal (maximal) strongly regular surface in the three-dimensional Minkowski space locally admits canonical principal parameters. Using this result, we find a canonical representation of minimal strongly regular time-like surfaces, which makes more precise the Weierstrass representation and shows more precisely the correspondence between these surfaces and holomorphic functions (in the Gauss plane). We also find a canonical representation of maximal strongly regular space-like surfaces, which makes more precise the Weierstrass representation and shows more precisely the corr…
A Laguerre geometric local characterization is given of L-minimal surfaces and Laguerre deformations (T-transforms) of L-minimal isothermic surfaces in terms of the holomorphicity of a quartic and a quadratic differential. This is used to prove that, via their Laguerre Gauss maps, the T-transforms of L-minimal isothermic surfaces have constant mean curvature in some translate of hyperbolic 3-space or de Sitter 3-space in Minkowski 4-space, or have mean curvature zero in some translate of a time-oriented lightcone in Minkowski 4-space. As an application, we show that various instances of the La…
Using techniques of integrable systems, we study a Weierstrass representation formula for timelike surfaces with prescribed mean curvature in Minkowski 3-space. It is shown that timelike minimal surfaces are obtained by integrating a pair of Lorentz holomorphic and Lorentz antiholomorphic null curves in Minkowski 3-space. The relationship between timelike minimal surfaces and bosonic Nambu-Goto string worldsheets in spacetime is also discussed in the appendix.
We investigate nicely embedded H--holomorphic maps into stable Hamiltonian three--manifolds. In particular we prove that such maps locally foliate and satisfy a no--first--intersection property. Using the compactness results of arXiv:0904.1603 we show that connected components of the space of such maps can be compactified if they contain a global surface of section. As an application we prove that any contact structure on a 3--manifold admits and H--holomorphic open book decomposition. This work is motivated by the program laid out by Abbas, Cieliebak and Hofer to give a proof to the Weinstein…
This is one in a series of papers devoted to the foundations of Symplectic Field Theory sketched in [Y Eliashberg, A Givental and H Hofer, Introduction to Symplectic Field Theory, Geom. Funct. Anal. Special Volume, Part II (2000) 560--673]. We prove compactness results for moduli spaces of holomorphic curves arising in Symplectic Field Theory. The theorems generalize Gromov's compactness theorem in [M Gromov, Pseudo-holomorphic curves in symplectic manifolds, Invent. Math. 82 (1985) 307--347] as well as compactness theorems in Floer homology theory, [A Floer, The unregularized gradient flow of…
In the previous paper, the authors constructed a complete holomorphic immersion of the unit disk D into C^2 whose image is bounded. In this paper, we shall prove existence of complete holomorphic null immersions of Riemann surfaces with arbitrary genus and finite topology, whose image is bounded in C^2. To construct such immersions, we apply the method used by F. J. Lopez to perturb the genus zero example changing its genus. As an analogue the above construction, we also give a new method to construct complete bounded minimal immersions (resp. weakly complete maximal surface) with arbitrary ge…
We prove that a sequence of Fueter sections of a bundle of compact hyperkahler manifolds $\mathfrak X$ over a $3$-manifold $M$ with bounded energy converges (after passing to a subsequence) outside a $1$-dimensional closed rectifiable subset $S \subset M$. The non-compactness along $S$ has two sources: (1) Bubbling-off of holomorphic spheres in the fibres of $\mathfrak X$ transverse to a subset $Γ\subset S$, whose tangent directions satisfy strong rigidity properties. (2) The formation of non-removable singularities in a set of $\mathcal H^1$-measure zero. Our analysis is based on the ideas an…
In his Annals of Mathematics paper (2009), Berndtsson proves an important result on the Nakano positivity of holomorphic infinite-rank vector bundles whose fibers are Hilbert spaces consisting of holomorphic $L^2$-functions with respect to a family of weight functions $\left\{e^{-φ(\cdot,t)}\right\}_{t \in U}$, varying in $t \in U \in \mathbb{C}^m$, over a pseudoconvex domain. Using a variant of Hörmander's theorem due to Donnelly and Fefferman, we show that Berndtsson's Nakano positivity result holds under different (in fact, more general) curvature assumptions. This is of particular interest…
A space-like surface in Minkowski space-time is minimal if its mean curvature vector field is zero. Any minimal space-like surface of general type admits special isothermal parameters - canonical parameters. For any minimal surface of general type parameterized by canonical parameters we obtain Weierstrass representations - canonical Weierstrass representations via two holomorphic functions. We find the expressions of the Gauss curvature and the normal curvature of the surface with respect to this pair of holomorphic functions. We find the relation between two pairs of holomorphic functions ge…
In this paper, we first establish several theorems about the estimation of distance function on real and strongly convex complex Finsler manifolds and then obtain a Schwarz lemma from a strongly convex weakly Kähler-Finsler manifold into a strongly pseudoconvex complex Finsler manifold. As applications, we prove that a holomorphic mapping from a strongly convex weakly Kähler-Finsler manifold into a strongly pseudoconvex complex Finsler manifold is necessary constant under an extra condition. In particular, we prove that a holomorphic mapping from a complex Minkowski space into a strongly pseud…
There are several well-known characterizations of the sphere as a regular surface in the Euclidean space. By means of a purely synthetic technique, we get a rigidity result for the sphere without any curvature conditions, nor completeness or compactness. As well as a dual result for the hyperbolic plane, the spacelike sphere in the Minkowski space.
We prove that the length of the boundary of a $J$-holomorphic curve with Lagrangian boundary conditions is dominated by a constant times its area. The constant depends on the symplectic form, the almost complex structure, the Lagrangian boundary conditions and the genus. A similar result holds for the length of the real part of a real $J$-holomorphic curve. The infimum over $J$ of the constant properly normalized gives an invariant of Lagrangian submanifolds. We calculate this invariant to be $2π$ for the Lagrangian submanifold $\mathbb R P^n \subset \mathbb C P^n.$ We apply our result to prov…
It is known that any maximal space-like surface without isotropic points in the four-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space with neutral metric admits locally geometric parameters which are special case of isothermal parameters. With respect to such parameters the surface is determined uniquely up to a motion by the Gauss curvature and the curvature of the normal connection, which satisfy a system of two PDE's (the system of natural PDE's). For any maximal space-like surface parametrized by canonical parameters we obtain a special Weierstrass representation -- canonical Weierstrass representation.…
We prove several topological properties of linear Weingarten surfaces of Bryant type, as wave fronts in hyperbolic 3-space. For example, we show the orientability of such surfaces, and also co-orientability when they are not flat. Moreover, we show an explicit formula of the non-holomorphic hyperbolic Gauss map via another hyperbolic Gauss map which is holomorphic. Using this, we show the orientability and co-orientability of CMC-1 faces (i.e., constant mean curvature one surfaces with admissible singular points) in de Sitter 3-space. (CMC-1 faces might not be wave fronts in general, but belon…
We define and prove the existence of unique solutions of an asymptotic Plateau problem for spacelike maximal surfaces in the pseudo-hyperbolic space of signature (2, n): the boundary data is given by loops on the boundary at infinity of the pseudo-hyperbolic space which are limits of positive curves. We also discuss a compact Plateau problem. The required compactness arguments rely on an analysis of the pseudo-holomorphic curves defined by the Gauss lifts of the maximal surfaces.
It is shown that timelike surfaces of constant mean curvature 1 in anti-de Sitter 3-space can be constructed from a pair of Lorentz holomorphic and Lorentz antiholomorphic null curves in PSL(2,R) via Bryant type representation formulae. These formulae are used to investigate an explicit one-to-one correspondence, the so-called Lawson correspondence, between timelike surfaces of constant mean curvature 1 in anti-de Sitter 3-space and timelike minimal surfaces in Minkowski 3-space. The hyperbolic Gauss map of timelike surfaces in anti-de Sitter 3-space, which is a close analogue of the classical…
We study singularities of spacelike, constant (non-zero) mean curvature (CMC) surfaces in the Lorentz-Minkowski 3-space $L^3$. We show how to solve the singular Björling problem for such surfaces, which is stated as follows: given a real analytic null-curve $f_0(x)$, and a real analytic null vector field $v(x)$ parallel to the tangent field of $f_0$, find a conformally parameterized (generalized) CMC $H$ surface in $L^3$ which contains this curve as a singular set and such that the partial derivatives $f_x$ and $f_y$ are given by $\frac{\dd f_0}{\dd x}$ and $v$ along the curve. Within the clas…
Let $K$ be a knot in the 3-sphere, viewed as the ideal boundary of hyperbolic 4-space $\mathbb{H}^4$. We prove that the number of minimal discs in $\mathbb{H}^4$ with ideal boundary $K$ is a knot invariant. I.e.\ the number is finite and doesn't change under isotopies of $K$. In fact this gives a family of knot invariants, indexed by an integer describing the extrinsic topology of how the disc sits in $\mathbb{H}^4$. These invariants can be seen as Gromov--Witten invariants counting $J$-holomorphic discs in the twistor space $Z$ of $\mathbb{H}^4$. Whilst Gromov--Witten theory suggests the gene…
Consider a sequence of closed, orientable surfaces of fixed genus $g$ in a Riemannian manifold $M$ with uniform upper bounds on mean curvature and area. We show that on passing to a subsequence and choosing appropriate parametrisations, the inclusion maps converge in $C^0$ to a map from a surface of genus $g$ to $M$. We also show that, on passing to a further subsequence, the distance functions corresponding to pullback metrics converge to a pseudo-metric of fractal dimension two. As a corollary, we obtain a purely geometric result. Namely, we show that bounds on the mean curvature, area and g…
We establish an integral formula on a smooth, precompact domain in a Kahler manifold. We apply this formula to study holomorphic extension of CR functions. Using this formula we prove an isoperimetric inequality in terms of a positive lower bound for the Hermitian curvature of the boundary. Combining with a Minkowski type formula on the complex hyperbolic space we prove that any closed, embedded hypersurface of constant mean curvature must be a geodesic sphere, provided the hypersurface is Hopf. A similar result is established on the complex projective space.
We construct a compactification of the moduli space of twisted holomorphic maps with varying complex structure and bounded energy. For a given compact symplectic manifold $X$ with a compatible complex structure and a Hamiltonian action of $S^1$ with moment map $μ:X\to\imag\RR$, the moduli space which we compactify consists of equivalence classes of tuples $(C,P,A,ϕ)$, where $C$ is a smooth compact complex curve of fixed genus, $P$ is a principal $S^1$ bundle over $C$, $A$ is a connection on $P$ and $ϕ$ is a section of $P\times_{S^1}X$ satisfying $$\ov{\partial}_Aϕ=0,\qquad ι_{v}F_A+μ(ϕ)=c,$$ w…
In this article we study stability and compactness w.r.t. measured Gromov-Hausdorff convergence of smooth metric measure spaces with integral Ricci curvature bounds. More precisely, we prove that a sequence of $n$-dimensional Riemannian manifolds subconverges to a metric measure space that satisfies the curvature-dimension condition $CD(K,n)$ in the sense of Lott-Sturm-Villani provided the $L^p$-norm for $p>\frac{n}{2}$ of the part of the Ricci curvature that lies below $K$ converges to $0$. The results also hold for sequences of general smooth metric measure spaces $(M,g_M, e^{-f}\mbox{vol}_M…
