We consider a subclass of tilings, the tilings obtained by cut and projection. Under somewhat standard assumptions, we show that the natural complexity function has polynomial growth. We compute its exponent αin terms of the ranks of certain groups which appear in the construction. We give bounds for α. These computations apply to some well known tilings, such as the octagonal tilings, or tilings associated with billiard sequences. A link is made between the exponent of the complexity, and the fact that the cohomology of the associated tiling space is finitely generated over \Q. We show that such a link cannot be established for more general tilings, and we present a counter-example in dimension one.
We study the homomorphism induced on cohomology by the maximal equicontinuous factor map of a tiling space. We will see that this map is injective in degree one and has torsion free cokernel. We show by example, however, that the cohomology of the maximal equicontinuous factor may not be a direct summand of the tiling cohomology.
We establish direct isomorphisms between different versions of tiling cohomology. The first version is the direct limit of the cohomologies of the approximants in the Anderson-Putnam-Gähler complex, the second is the recently introduced PV-cohomolgy of Bellissard and Savinien and the third is pattern equivariant cohomology. For the last two versions one can define weak cohomology groups. We show that the isomorphisms extend to the weak versions. This leads to an alternative formulation of the pattern equivariant mixed quotient group which describes deformations of the tiling modulo topological…
We define a relative version of tiling cohomology for the purpose of comparing the topology of tiling spaces when one is a factor of the other. We illustrate this with examples, and outline a method for computing the cohomology of tiling spaces of finite type.
We provide a computation of the cohomology of the Pinwheel tiling using the Anderson-Putnam complex. A border forcing version of the Pinwheel tiling is constructed that allows an explicit construction of the complex for the quotient of the continuous hull by the circle. The final result is given using a spectral sequence argument of Barge, Diamond, Hunton, and Sadun.
We study homeomorphisms of tiling spaces with finite local complexity (FLC), of which suspensions of $d$-dimensional subshifts are an example, and orbit equivalence of tiling spaces with (possibly) infinite local complexity (ILC). In the FLC case, we construct a cohomological invariant of homeomorphisms, and show that all homeomorphisms are a combination of tiling deformations, translations, and local equivalences (MLD). In the ILC case, we construct a cohomological invariant in the so-called weak cohomology, and show that all orbit equivalences are combinations of tiling deformations, transla…
Anderson and Putnam showed that the cohomology of a substitution tiling space may be computed by collaring tiles to obtain a substitution which ``forces its border.'' One can then represent the tiling space as an inverse limit of an inflation and substitution map on a cellular complex formed from the collared tiles; the cohomology of the tiling space is computed as the direct limit of the homomorphism induced by inflation and substitution on the cohomology of the complex. For one-dimensional substitution tiling spaces, we describe a modification of the Anderson-Putnam complex on collared tiles…
The integer Cech cohomology of canonical projection tilings of dimension three and codimension three is derived. These formulae are then evaluated for several icosahedral tilings known from the literature. Rather surprisingly, the cohomologies of all these tilings turn out to have torsion. This is the case even for the Danzer tiling, which is, in some sense, the simplest of all icosahedral tilings. This result is in contrast to the case of two-dimensional canonical projection tilings, where many examples without torsion are known.
Anderson and Putnam showed that the cohomology of a substitution tiling space may be computed by collaring tiles to obtain a substitution which "forces its border." One can then represent the tiling space as an inverse limit of an inflation and substitution map on a cellular complex formed from the collared tiles; the cohomology of the tiling space is computed as the direct limit of the homomorphism induced by inflation and substitution on the cohomology of the complex. In earlier work, Barge and Diamond described a modification of the Anderson-Putnam complex on collared tiles for one-dimensio…
A spectral sequence is defined which converges to the Čech cohomology of the Euclidean hull of a tiling of the plane with Euclidean finite local complexity. The terms of the second page are determined by the so-called ePE homology and ePE cohomology groups of the tiling, and the only potentially non-trivial boundary map has a simple combinatorial description in terms of its local patches. Using this spectral sequence, we compute the Čech cohomology of the Euclidean hull of the Penrose tilings.
We generalise the notion of a Barge-Diamond complex, in the one-dimensional case, to a mixed system of tiling substitutions. This gives a way of describing the associated tiling space as an inverse limit of Barge-Diamond complexes. We give an effective method for calculating the Čech cohomology of the tiling space via an exact sequence relating the associated sequence of substitution matrices and certain subcomplexes appearing in the approximants. As an application, we show that there exists a system of three substitutions on two letters which exhibit an uncountable collection of minimal tilin…
This is a chapter in an upcoming book on aperiodic order. We go over different versions of tiling cohomology (\v Cech, pattern-equivariant, PV, quotient) with emphasis on the inverse limit constructions used to compute these cohomologies. We then consider the uses of tiling cohomology to distinguish spaces, to understand deformations, and to help understand maps between tiling spaces. The emphasis of this chapter is on substitution tilings and their generalizations, but the underlying ideas apply equally well to cut-and-project tilings and to tilings defined by local matching rules.
In the article "Construction of the continuous hull for the combinatorics of a regular pentagonal tiling of the plane" we constructed the continuous hull for the combinatorics of "A regular pentagonal tiling of the plane", and in the article "Continuous hull of a combinatorial pentagonal tiling as an inverse limit" we showed how we could write this hull as an inverse limit. In this paper we show how to compute the cohomology of the hull and its topological K-theory.
Suppose that we have a repetitive and aperiodic tiling $\bf T$ of $\mathbb{R}^n$, and two mass distributions $f_1$ and $f_2$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$, each pattern equivariant with respect to $\bf T$. Under what circumstances is it possible to do a bounded transport from $f_1$ to $f_2$? When is it possible to do this transport in a strongly or weakly pattern-equivariant way? We reduce these questions to properties of the \v Cech cohomology of the hull of $\bf T$, properties that in most common examples are already well-understood.
We compute the Cech cohomology with integer coefficients of one-dimensional tiling spaces arising from not just one, but several different substitutions, all acting on the same set of tiles. These calculations involve the introduction of a universal version of the Anderson-Putnam complex. We show that, under a certain condition on the substitutions, the projective limit of this universal Anderson-Putnam complex is isomorphic to the tiling space, and we introduce a simplified universal Anderson-Putnam complex that can be used to compute Cech cohomology. We then use this simplified complex to pl…
We consider tilings of the plane with 12-fold symmetry obtained by the cut and projection method. We compute their cohomology groups using the techniques introduced by the second author, Hunton and Kellendonk. To do this we completely describe the window, the orbits of lines under the group action and the orbits of 0-singularities. The complete family of generalized 12-fold tilings can be described using 2-parameters and it presents a surprisingly rich cohomological structure. To put this finding into perspective, one should compare our results with the cohomology of the generalized 5-fold til…
Let $Ω$ be a tiling space and let $G$ be the maximal group of rotations which fixes $Ω$. Then the cohomology of $Ω$ and $Ω/G$ are both invariants which give useful geometric information about the tilings in $Ω$. The noncommutative analog of the cohomology of $Ω$ is the K-theory of a C*-algebra associated to $Ω$, and for translationally finite tilings of dimension 2 or less the K-theory is isomorphic to the direct sum of cohomology groups. In this paper we give a prescription for calculating the noncommutative analog of the cohomology of $Ω/G$, that is, the K-theory of the crossed product of th…
In this paper, we first remind how we can see the "hull" of the pinwheel tiling as an inverse limit of simplicial complexes (Anderson and Putnam) and we then adapt the PV cohomology introduced in a paper of Bellissard and Savinien to define it for pinwheel tilings. We then prove that this cohomology is isomorphic to the integer Čech cohomology of the quotient of the hull by $S^1$ which let us prove that the top integer Čech cohomology of the hull is in fact the integer group of coinvariants on some transversal of the hull. The gap-labelling for pinwheel tilings is then proved and we end this a…
We study the space of all tilings which can be obtained using the Robinson tiles (this is a two-dimensional subshift of finite type). We prove that it has a unique minimal subshift, and describe it by means of a substitution. This description allows to compute its cohomology groups, and prove that it is a model set.
The Exact Regularity Property was introduced recently as a property of homological Pisot substitutions in one dimension. In this paper, we consider exact regularity for arbitrary tiling spaces. Let ${T}$ be a $d$ dimensional repetitive tiling, and let $Ω_{T}$ be its hull. If $\check H^d(Ω_{T}, Q) = Q^k$, then there exist $k$ patches whose appearance govern the number of appearances of every other patch. This gives uniform estimates on the convergence of all patch frequencies to the ergodic limit. If the tiling ${T}$ comes from a substitution, then we can quantify that convergence rate. If ${T}…
Let $\Tt$ be an aperiodic and repetitive tiling of $\RM^d$ with finite local complexity. We present a spectral sequence that converges to the $K$-theory of $\Tt$ with $E_2$-page given by a new cohomology that will be called PV in reference to the Pimsner-Voiculescu exact sequence. It is a generalization of the Serre spectral sequence. The PV cohomology of $\Tt$ generalizes the cohomology of the base space of a fibration with local coefficients in the $K$-theory of its fiber. We prove that it is isomorphic to the Čech cohomology of the hull of $\Tt$ (a compactification of the family of its tran…
A relatively simple substitution for the Robinson tilings is presented, which requires only 56 tiles up to translation. In this substitution, due to Joan M. Taylor, neighboring tiles are substituted by partially overlapping patches of tiles. We show that this overlapping substitution gives rise to a normal primitive substitution as well, implying that the Robinson tilings form a model set and thus have pure point diffraction. This substitution is used to compute the Cech cohomology of the hull of the Robinson tilings via the Anderson-Putnam method, and also the dynamical zeta function of the s…
We extend rotation theory of circle maps to tiling spaces. Specifically, we consider a 1-dimensional tiling space $Ω$ with finite local complexity and study self-maps $F$ that are homotopic to the identity and whose displacements are strongly pattern equivariant (sPE). In place of the familiar rotation number we define a cohomology class $[μ]$. We prove existence and uniqueness results for this class, develop a notion of irrationality, and prove an analogue of Poncaré's Theorem: If $[μ]$ is irrational, then $F$ is semi-conjugate to uniform translation on a space $Ω_μ$ of tilings that is homeom…
We reinvestigate the theory of deformations of tilings using P-equivariant cohomology. In particular we relate the notion of asymptotically negligible shape functions introduced by Clark and Sadun to weakly P-equivariant forms. We then investigate more closely the relation between deformations of patterns and homeomorphism or topological conjugacy of pattern spaces.
We consider primitive substitution tilings on R^d whose expansion maps are unimodular. We assume that all the eigenvalues of the expansion maps are algebraic conjugates with the same multiplicity. In this case, we can construct a cut-and-project scheme with a Euclidean internal space. Under some additional condition, we show that if the substitution tiling has pure discrete spectrum, then the corresponding representative point sets are regular model sets in that cut-and-project scheme.
We relate Kellendonk and Putnam's pattern-equivariant (PE) cohomology to the inverse-limit structure of a tiling space. This gives a version of PE cohomology with integer coefficients, or with coefficients in any Abelian group. It also provides an easy proof of Kellendonk and Putnam's original theorem relating PE cohomology to the Cech cohomology of the tiling space. The inverse-limit structure also allows for the construction of a new non-Abelian invariant, the PE representation variety.
A basic assumption of tiling theory is that adjacent tiles can meet in only a finite number of ways, up to rigid motions. However, there are many interesting tiling spaces that do not have this property. They have "fault lines", along which tiles can slide past one another. We investigate the topology of a certain class of tiling spaces of this type. We show that they can be written as inverse limits of CW complexes, and their Cech cohomology is related to properties of the fault lines.
