In this paper I prove good estimates on the moments and tail distribution of $k$-fold Wiener--Itô integrals and also present their natural counterpart for polynomials of independent Gaussian random variables. The proof is based on the so-called diagram formula for Wiener--Itô integrals which yields a good representation for their products as a sum of such integrals. I intend to show in a subsequent paper that this method also yields good estimates for degenerate $U$-statistics. The main result of this paper is a generalization of the estimates of Hanson and Wright about bilinear forms of independent standard normal random variables. On the other hand, it is a weaker estimate than the main result of a paper of Latała [6]. But that paper contains an error, and it is not clear whether its result is true. This question is also discussed here.
We clearly characterize the relation between real and complex Wiener-Ito integrals. Given a complex multiple Wiener-Ito integral, we get explicit expressions for two kernels of its real and imaginary parts. Conversely, consider a two-dimensional real Wiener-Ito integral, we obtain the representation formula by a finite sum of complex Wiener-Ito integrals. The main tools are a recursion technique and Malliavin derivative operators. We build a bridge between real and complex Wiener-Ito integrals.
We present the product formula for complex multiple Wiener-Ito integrals. As applications, we show the Ustunel-Zakai independent criterion, the Nourdin-Rosinski asymptotic moment-independent criterion and joint convergence criterion for complex multiple Wiener-Ito integrals.
We investigate the optimal rate of convergence in the multidimensional normal approximation of vector-valued Wiener-Ito integrals of which components all belong to the same fixed Wiener chaos. Combining Malliavin calculus, Stein's method for normal approximation and method of cumulants, we obtain the optimal rate of convergence with respect to a suitable smooth distance. As applications, we derive the optimal rates of convergences for complex Wiener-Ito integrals, vector-valued Wiener-Ito integrals with kernels of step functions and vector-valued Toeplitz quadratic functionals.
In this article, some properties of complex Wiener-Itô multiple integrals and complex Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators and semigroups are obtained. Those include Stroock's formula, Hu-Meyer formula, Clark-Ocone formula and the hypercontractivity of complex Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroups. As an application, several expansions of the fourth moments of complex Wiener-Itô multiple integrals are given.
In this paper, a product formula of Hermite polynomials is given and then the relation between the real Wiener-Itô chaos and the complex Wiener-Itô chaos (or: multiple integrals) is shown. By this relation and the known multivariate extension of the fourth moment theorem for the real multiple integrals, the fourth moment theorem (or say: the Nualart-Peccati criterion) for the complex Wiener-Itô multiple integrals is obtained.
For a sequence of complex Wiener-Ito multiple integrals, the equivalence between the convergence of the symmetrized contraction norms and that of the non-symmetrized contraction norms is shown directly by means of a new version of complex Mallivian calculus using the Wirtinger derivatives of complex-valued functions.
We prove sufficient conditions, ensuring that a sequence of multiple Wiener-Itô integrals (with respect to a general Gaussian process) converges stably to a mixture of normal distributions. Our key tool is an asymptotic decomposition of contraction kernels, realized by means of increasing families of projection operators. We also use an infinite-dimensional Clark-Ocone formula, as well as a version of the correspondence between "abstract" and "concrete" filtered Wiener spaces, in a spirit similar to Üstünel and Zakai (1997).
We study the convergence to the multiple Wiener-Itô integral from processes with absolutely continuous paths. More precisely, consider a family of processes, with paths in the Cameron-Martin space, that converges weakly to a standard Brownian motion in $\mathcal C_0([0,T])$. Using these processes, we construct a family that converges weakly, in the sense of the finite dimensional distributions, to the multiple Wiener-Itô integral process of a function $f\in L^2([0,T]^n)$. We prove also the weak convergence in the space $\mathcal C_0([0,T])$ to the second order integral for two important famili…
We characterize the asymptotic independence between blocks consisting of multiple Wiener-Itô integrals. As a consequence of this characterization, we derive the celebrated fourth moment theorem of Nualart and Peccati, its multidimensional extension and other related results on the multivariate convergence of multiple Wiener-Itô integrals, that involve Gaussian and non Gaussian limits. We give applications to the study of the asymptotic behavior of functions of short and long-range dependent stationary Gaussian time series and establish the asymptotic independence for discrete non-Gaussian chao…
Let $\{X_{1}(t)\}_{0\leq t\leq1}$ and $\{X_{2}(t)\}_{0\leq t\leq1}$ be two independent continuous centered Gaussian processes with covariance functions$R_{1}$ and $R_{2}$. This paper shows that if the covariance functions are of finite $p$-variation and $q$-variation respectively and such that $p^{-1}+q^{-1}>1$,then the L{é}vy area can be defined as a double Wiener--Itò integral with respect to an isonormal Gaussian process induced by $X_{1}$ and $X_{2}$. Moreover, some properties of the characteristic function of that generalised L{é}vy area are studied.
A new proof of the expansion of iterated Ito stochastic integrals with respect to the components of a multidimensional Wiener process based on generalized multiple Fourier series and Hermite polynomials
Optimal Gaussian approximation for complex Wiener-Itô integrals
Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院）；School of Big Data, Baoshan University（保山学院大数据学院）；LMAM, School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University（北京大学数学科学学院）
Using the structure of the Boson-Fermion Fock space and an argument taken from [2], we give a new proof of the triviality of the $L^2$ cohomology groups on an abstract Wiener space, alternative to that given by Shigekawa [9]. We apply some representation theory of the symmetric group to characterise the spaces of exact and co-exact forms in their Boson-Fermion Fock space representation.
An elementary construction of the Wiener process is discussed, based on a proper sequence of simple symmetric random walks that uniformly converge on bounded intervals, with probability 1. This method is a simplification of F.B. Knight's and P. Révész's. The same sequence is applied to give elementary (Lebesgue-type) definitions of Itô and Stratonovich sense stochastic integrals and to prove the basic Itô formula. The resulting approximating sums converge with probability 1. As a by-product, new elementary proofs are given for some properties of the Wiener process, like the almost sure non-dif…
The classical representation of random variables as the Ito integral of nonanticipative integrands is extended to include Banach space valued random variables on an abstract Wiener space equipped with a filtration induced by a resolution of the identity on the Cameron-Martin space. The Ito integral is replaced in this case by an extension of the divergence to random operators, and the operators involved in the representation are adapted with respect to this filtration in a suitably defined sense. However, the published paper contains a mistake which restricts the validity of the main result, a…
By using stochastic calculus for two-parameter processes and chaos expansion into multiple Wiener-Itô integrals, we define a 2D-stochastic current over the Brownian sheet. This concept comes from geometric measure theory. We also study the regularity of the stochastic current with respect to the randomness variable in the Watanabe spaces and with respect to the spatial variable in the deterministic Sobolev spaces.
We prove the Ito-Tanaka formula and the existence of pathwise stochastic integrals for a wide class of Gaussian processes. Motivated by financial applications, we define the stochastic integrals as forward-type pathwise integrals introduced by Föllmer and as pathwise generalized Lebesgue-Stieltjes integrals introduced by Zähle. As an application, we illustrate the importance of Ito-Tanaka formula for pricing and hedging of financial derivatives.
The article is devoted to the integration order replacement technique for iterated Ito stochastic integrals and iterated stochastic integrals with respect to martingales. We consider the class of iterated Ito stochastic integrals, for which with probability 1 the formulas of integration order replacement corresponding to the rules of classical integral calculus are reasonable. The theorems on integration order replacement for the class of iterated Ito stochastic integrals is proven. Many examples of this theorems usage have been considered. These results are generalized for the class of iterat…
The article is devoted to the construction of effective procedures of the mean-square approximation of iterated Ito stochastic integrals of multiplicities 1 to 5 from the Taylor-Ito expansion based on multiple Fourier-Legendre series. The results of the article can be applied to the implementation of numerical methods with the orders of strong convergence 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 for Ito stochastic differential equations with multidimensional non-commutative noise.
Let $F_n = (F_{1,n}, ....,F_{d,n})$, $n\geq 1$, be a sequence of random vectors such that, for every $j=1,...,d$, the random variable $F_{j,n}$ belongs to a fixed Wiener chaos of a Gaussian field. We show that, as $n\to\infty$, the components of $F_n$ are asymptotically independent if and only if ${\rm Cov}(F_{i,n}^2,F_{j,n}^2)\to 0$ for every $i\neq j$. Our findings are based on a novel inequality for vectors of multiple Wiener-Itô integrals, and represent a substantial refining of criteria for asymptotic independence in the sense of moments recently established by Nourdin and Rosinski.
We prove that the formula which gives the Wiener chaos decomposition of the multiplication of two multiple Wiener integrals with symmetric kernels is a straightforward application of the Leibniz' formula.
The article is devoted to optimization of the mean-square approximation procedures for iterated Ito stochastic integrals of multiplicities 1 to 5. The mentioned stochastic integrals are part of strong numerical methods with convergence orders 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 for Ito stochastic differential equations with multidimensional non-commutative noise based on the unified Taylor-Ito expansion and multiple Fourier-Legendre series converging in the sense of norm in Hilbert space $L_2([t, T]^k)$ $(k=1,\ldots,5).$ In this article we use multiple Fourier-Legendre series within the framework of the me…
We present several Ito-Wentzell formulae on Wiener spaces for real-valued functional random field of Ito type that depend on measure flows. We distinguish the full- and the marginal-measure flow cases in the spirit of mean-field games. Derivatives with respect to the measure components are understood in the sense of Lions.
The celebrated Nualart-Peccati criterion [Ann. Probab. 33 (2005) 177-193] ensures the convergence in distribution toward a standard Gaussian random variable $N$ of a given sequence $\{X_n\}_{n\ge1}$ of multiple Wiener-Itô integrals of fixed order, if $\mathbb {E}[X_n^2]\to1$ and $\mathbb {E}[X_n^4]\to \mathbb {E}[N^4]=3$. Since its appearance in 2005, the natural question of ascertaining which other moments can replace the fourth moment in the above criterion has remained entirely open. Based on the technique recently introduced in [J. Funct. Anal. 266 (2014) 2341-2359], we settle this problem…
In this article, we give a new proof of the Itô formula for some integral processes related to the space-time Lévy white noise introduced in Balan (2015) as an alternative for the Gaussian white noise perturbing an SPDE. We discuss two applications of this result, which are useful in the study of SPDEs driven by a space-time Lévy noise with finite variance: a maximal inequality for the $p$-th moment of the stochastic integral, and the Itô representation theorem leading to a chaos expansion similar to the Gaussian case.
We define Wiener integrals with respect to Yeh processes and study their properties. In particular, we obtain the martingale property of the associated stochastic processes and give a series expansion of Wiener integrals with respect to centered Yeh process. Moreover, we derive a representation of an Yeh process in terms of a random series.
Mean-Square Approximation of Iterated Ito and Stratonovich Stochastic Integrals of Multiplicities 1 to 6 from the Taylor-Ito and Taylor-Stratonovich Expansions Using Legendre Polynomials
In this article we study existence of pathwise stochastic integrals with respect to a general class of $n$-dimensional Gaussian processes and a wide class of adapted integrands. More precisely, we study integrands which are functions that are of locally bounded variation with respect to all variables. Moreover, multidimensional Itô formula is derived.
We combine Malliavin calculus with Stein's method, in order to derive explicit bounds in the Gaussian and Gamma approximations of random variables in a fixed Wiener chaos of a general Gaussian process. We also prove results concerning random variables admitting a possibly infinite Wiener chaotic decomposition. Our approach generalizes, refines and unifies the central and non-central limit theorems for multiple Wiener-Itô integrals recently proved (in several papers, from 2005 to 2007) by Nourdin, Nualart, Ortiz-Latorre, Peccati and Tudor. We apply our techniques to prove Berry-Esséen bounds in…
Exact Calculation of the Mean-Square Error in the Method of Expansion of Iterated Ito Stochastic integrals Based on Generalized Multiple Fourier Series
In this small note we explicit the relation between Ito and Stratonovich integrals when conditional measure flow components are present in the integrands. The `correction' term involves Lions-type measure derivatives and clarifies which cross-correlations need to be taken into account. We cast the framework in relation to SDEs of mean-field type depending on conditional flows of measure. The result being trivial under full flows of measure.
New representations of the Hu-Meyer formulas and series expansion of iterated Stratonovich stochastic integrals with respect to components of a multidimensional Wiener process
We consider multifractional process given by double Ito--Wiener integrals, which generalize the multifractional Rosenblatt process. We prove that this process is continuous and has a square integrable local time.
Generalised Ito formulae are proved for time dependent functions of continuous real valued semi-martingales. The conditions involve left space and time first derivatives, with the left space derivative required to have locally bounded 2-dimensional variation. In particular a class of functions with discontinuous first derivative is included. An estimate of Krylov allows further weakening of these conditions when the semi-martingale is a diffusion.
We introduce the notion of {\em covariance measure structure} for square integrable stochastic processes. We define Wiener integral, we develop a suitable formalism for stochastic calculus of variations and we make Gaussian assumptions only when necessary. Our main examples are finite quadratric variation processes with stationary increments and the bifractional Brownian motion.
This paper is devoted to a construction of the stochastic Itô integral with respect to infinite dimensional cylindrical Wiener process. The construction given is an alternative one to that introduced by DaPrato and Zabczyk [3]. The connection of the introduced integral with the integral defined by Walsh [9] is provided as well.
Wiener integral for the coordinate process is defined under the $ σ$-finite measure unifying Brownian penalisations, which has been introduced by Najnudel, Roynette and Yor. Its decomposition before and after last exit time from 0 is studied. This study prepares for the author's recent study of Cameron--Martin formula for the $ σ$-finite measure.
The solution of a (stochastic) differential equation (SDE) can be locally approximated by a stochastic expansion, a linear combination of iterated integrals. Quantities of interest, like moments, can then be approximated with the expansion. We present a formula for the case where the drivers of the equation are time and Wiener processes. We also present a Mathematica implementation of the result.
In this article we establish some estimates related to the Gaussian densities and to Hermite polynomials in order to obtain an almost sure estimate for each term of the Itô-Wiener expansion of the self-intersection local times of the Brownian motion. In dimension $d\geqslant 4$ the self-intersection local times of the Brownian motion can be considered as a family of measures on the classical Wiener space. We provide some asymptotics relative to these measures. Finally, we try to estimate the quadratic Wasserstein distance between these measures and the Wiener measure.
Some parts of stochastic analysis on curved spaces are revisted. A concise proof of the quasi-invariance of the Wiener measure on the path spaces over a Riemannian manifold is presented. The shifts are allowed to be in the Cameron-Martin space and random. The second part of the paper presents some remarks on the anticipative integrals on Riemannian manifolds.
In this article we illustrate the relation between the existence of Wiener integrals with respect to a Levy process in a separable Banach space and radonifying operators. For this purpose, we introduce the class of theta-radonifying operators, i.e. operators which map a cylindrical measure theta to a genuine Radon measure. We study this class of operators for various examples of infinitely divisible cylindrical measures theta and highlight the differences from the Gaussian case.
This paper focuses on the time-changed Q-Wiener process, a Hilbert space-valued sub-diffusion. It is a martingale with respect to an appropriate filtration, hence a stochastic integral with respect to it is definable. For the resulting integral, two change of variables formulas are derived. Via a duality theorem for integrals, existence and uniqueness theorems for stochastic differential equations (SDEs) driven by the time-changed Q-Wiener process are discussed. Associated fractional Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equations are derived using either a time-changed Itô formula or duality. Connections …
We prove that the density of $\frac{X_1+\cdot\cdot\cdot+X_n-nE[X_1]}{\sqrt{n}}$, where $\{X_n\}_{n\geq 1}$ is a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables taking values on an abstract Wiener space, converges in $\mathcal{L}^1$ to the density of a certain Gaussian measure which is absolutely continuous with respect to the reference Wiener measure. The crucial feature in our investigation is that we do not require the covariance structure of $\{X_n\}_{n\geq 1}$ to coincide with the one of the Wiener measure. This produces a non trivial (different from the constant funct…
The two-parameter tempered Hermite field modifies the power law kernel in the moving average representation of the Hermite field by adding an exponential tempering. This paper develops the basic theory of two-parameter tempered Hermite field, including moving average, sample path properties, spectral representations and the theory of Wiener stochastic integration with respect to the two-parameter tempered Hermite field of order one.
This paper provides an existence-and-uniqueness theorem characterizing the stochastic integral with respect to a Wiener process. The integral is represented as a mapping from the space of measurable and adapted pathwise locally integrable processes to the space of continuous adapted processes. It is characterized in terms of two properties: (1) how the stochastic integrals of simple processes are calculated and (2) how these integrals converge in probability when the time integrals of the squared integrands converge in probability.
We consider the Wiener integral with respect to a $d$-parameter Hermite process with Hurst multi-index ${\bf H}= (H_{1},\ldots, H_{d}) \in \left( \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) ^{d}$ and we analyze the limit behavior in distribution of this object when the components of ${\bf H}$ tend to $1$ and/or $\frac{1}{2}$. As examples, we focus on the solution to the stochastic heat equation with additive Hermite noise and to the Hermite Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process.
The Proof of Convergence with Probability 1 in the Method of Expansion of Iterated Ito Stochastic Integrals Based on Generalized Multiple Fourier Series
The Hermite random field has been introduced as a limit of some weighted Hermite variations of the fractional Brownian sheet. In this work we define it as a multiple integral with respect to the standard Brownian sheet and introduce Wiener integrals with respect to it. As an application we study the wave equation driven by the Hermite sheet. We prove the existence of the solution and we study the regularity of its sample paths, the existence of the density and of its local times. 2000 AMS Classification Numbers: 60F05, 60H05, 60G18.
Using the Malliavin calculus with respect to Gaussian processes and the multiple stochastic integrals we derive Itô's and Tanaka's formulas for the $d$-dimensional bifractional Brownian motion.
We develop a theory of Malliavin calculus for Banach space valued random variables. Using radonifying operators instead of symmetric tensor products we extend the Wiener-Ito isometry to Banach spaces. In the white noise case we obtain two sided L^p-estimates for multiple stochastic integrals in arbitrary Banach spaces. It is shown that the Malliavin derivative is bounded on vector-valued Wiener-Ito chaoses. Our main tools are decoupling inequalities for vector-valued random variables. In the opposite direction we use Meyer's inequalities to give a new proof of a decoupling result for Gaussian …
Wigner integrals and the corresponding Wigner chaos were introduced by P. Biane and R. Speicher in 1998 as a non-commutative counterpart of classical Wiener-Itô integrals and the corresponding Wiener-Itô chaos, respectively, in free probability. In the classical case, a famous result of I. Shigekawa states that non-trivial elements in the finite Wiener-Itô chaos have an absolutely continuous distribution. We provide here a first contribution to such regularity questions for Wigner integrals by showing that the distribution of non-trivial elements in the finite Wigner chaos cannot have atoms. T…
We develop a stochastic analysis for a Gaussian process $X$ with singular covariance by an intrinsic procedure focusing on several examples such as covariance measure structure processes, bifractional Brownian motion, processes with stationary increments. We introduce some new spaces associated with the self-reproducing kernel space and we define the Paley-Wiener integral of first and second order even when $X$ is only a square integrable process continuous in $L^2$. If $X$ has stationary increments, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions so that its paths belong to the self-reproducin…
In this work cylindrical Wiener processes on Banach spaces are defined by means of cylindrical stochastic processes, which are a well considered mathematical object. This approach allows a definition which is a simple straightforward extension of the real-valued situation. We apply this definition to introduce a stochastic integral with respect to cylindrical Wiener processes. Again, this definition is a straightforward extension of the real-valued situation which results now in simple conditions on the integrand. In particular, we do not have to put any geometric constraints on the Banach spa…
