Following the recent surge of interest in n-doped strontium titanate as a possible blue light emitter, a time-resolved photoluminescence analysis was performed on nominally pure, Nb-doped and oxygen-deficient single-crystal SrTiO3 samples. The doping-effects on both the electronic states involved in the transition and the decay mechanism are respectively analyzed by comparing the spectral and dynamic features and the yields of the emission. Our time-resolved analysis, besides shedding some light on the basic recombination mechanisms acting in these materials, sets the intrinsic bandwidth limit of the proposed blue light emitting optoelectronic devices made of Ti-based perovskites heterostructures in the GHz range.
We combined photoelemission spectroscopy with first-principle calculations to investigate structural and electronic properties of SrTiO$_{3}$ doped with Ni impurities. In SrTiO$_{3}$ polycrystalline thin films, grown by magnetron sputtering, the mean size of the crystallites increases with the concentration of Ni. To determine the electronic band structure of SrTiO$_{3}$ films doped with Ni, high quality ordered pristine and SrTiO3:Ni$_{x}$ films with x=0.06 and 0.12 were prepared by pulsed laser deposition. Electronic band structure calculations for the ground state, as well as one-step model…
A magnetic field parallel to an electrical current does not produce a Lorentz force on the charge carriers. Therefore, orbital longitudinal magnetoresistance is unexpected. Here we report on the observation of a large and non saturating magnetoresistance in lightly doped SrTiO$_{3-x}$ independent of the relative orientation of current and magnetic field. We show that this quasi-isotropic magnetoresistance can be explained if the carrier mobility along all orientations smoothly decreases with magnetic field. This anomalous regime is restricted to low concentrations when the dipolar correlation …
We report on the temperature and electric field driven evolution of the magnetoresistance lineshape at an interface between Ni/AlO$_x$ and Nb-doped SrTiO$_3$. This is manifested as a superposition of the Lorentzian lineshape due to spin accumulation and a parabolic background related to tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance (TAMR). The characteristic Lorentzian line shape of the spin voltage is retrieved only at low temperatures and large positive applied bias. This is caused by the reduction of electric field at large positive applied bias which results in a simultaneous reduction of the ba…
We report wide-doping-range ($8 \times 10^{17}$ to $4 \times 10^{20}$ cm$^{-3}$ Hall electron density) low temperature specific heat measurements on single crystal SrTiO$_3$:Nb, correlated with electronic transport data and tight-binding modeling. Lattice dynamic contributions to specific heat are shown to be well understood, albeit with unusual sensitivity to doping, likely related to the behavior of soft modes. Electronic contributions to specific heat provide effective masses that increase substantially, from $1.8$ to $4.8 m_e$, across the two SrTiO$_3$ Lifshitz transitions. It is shown tha…
Er-doped aluminum nitride films, containing different Er concentrations, were obtained at room temperature by reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The prepared samples show a nano-columnar microstructure and the size of the columns is dependent on the magnetron power. The Er-related photoluminescence (PL) was studied in relation with the temperature, the Er content and the microstructure. Steady-state PL, PL excitation spectroscopy and time-resolved PL were performed. Both visible and near infrared PL were obtained at room temperature for the as-deposited samples. It is demonstrated …
The cubic perovsike strontium titanate SrTiO$_3$ (STO) is one of the most studied, polarizable transition metal oxides. When excess charge is introduced to this material, e.g., through doping or atomic defects, STO tends to host polarons: Quasi-particles formed by excess charge carriers coupling with the crystal phonon field. Their presence alters the materials properties, and is a key for many applications. Considering that polarons form preferentially on or near surfaces, we study small polaron formation at the TiO$_2$ termination of the STO(001) surface via density functional theory calcula…
Magnetic field dependent polarization selective photoluminescence(PL) study has been carried out at 1.5~K on Gd-doped GaN epitaxial layers grown on c-SiC substrates by molecular beam epitaxy technique. It has been found that the incorporation of Gd in GaN leads to the generation of three types of donor like defects that result in neutral donor bound excitonic features in low temperature PL. The study reveals that the rate of spin-flip scattering for all the three excitonic features becomes almost $B$-independent suggesting that these signals must be stemming from defects which are ferromagneti…
Ge-on-Si structures in-situ doped with phosphorus or arsenic via metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) were investigated. Surface roughness, strain, threading dislocation desnity, Si-Ge interdiffusion, dopant diffusion, and photoluminescence were characterized to study the impacts of defect annealing and Si substrate offcut effects on the Ge film quality and most importantly, the light emission properties. All samples have a smooth surface (roughness < 1.5 nm), and the Ge films have a small tensile strain of 0.2%. As-grown P and As-doped Ge films have threading dislocaiton densities …
The ultrafast dynamics of the octahedral rotation in Ca:SrTiO3 is studied by time resolved x-ray diffraction after photo excitation over the band gap. By monitoring the diffraction intensity of a superlattice reflection that is directly related to the structural order parameter of the soft-mode driven antiferrodistortive phase in Ca:SrTiO3, we observe a ultrafast relaxation on a 0.2 ps timescale of the rotation of the oxygen octahedron, which is found to be independent of the initial temperaure despite large changes in the corresponding soft-mode frequency. A further, much smaller reduction on…
The optical properties of C$_{60}$ single crystals, intercalated with nitrogen molecules, were investigated by the spectral-luminescence method in the temperature range 20 - 230 K. The saturation was carried out under the pressure of 30 atm. of N$_{2}$ at various temperatures ranging from 200 to 550$^{\circ}$C. For the C$_{60}+$N$_{2}$ system, the presence of a temperature boundary of the adsorption crossover of about 420$^{\circ}$C was established (transition from the diffusion mechanism of intercalation - physisorption, to chemical interaction - chemisorption). The temperature dependence of …
Understanding the nature of electronic effective mass in double-doped SrTiO$_{3}$
提出了一种通过双掺杂机制来调节氧化物半导体中有效质量的方法。我们证明了这一点在一个模型氧化物系统Sr $_{1-x}$ La $_x$ TiO $_{3-δ}$，在那里我们可以调整有效质量范围从6- 20 $\mathrm{m_e}$作为填充或载流子浓度和散射机制的函数，这取决于所选择的镧和氧空位浓度。使用Sr $_{1-x}$ La $_x$ TiO $_{3-δ}$的薄膜的测量的传输特性从玻尔兹曼传输方程计算有效质量值。我们的方法，这表明，有效质量随载流子浓度的降低，提供了一种手段，用于理解的性质的传输过程中的氧化物，通常具有大的有效质量和低的电子迁移率，相反的传统的高迁移率半导体。
Orbital-resolved anisotropic electron pockets in electron-doped SrTiO3 observed by ARPES
NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation（NTT基础研究所）；Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo（东京大学电气信息工程系）；Center for Spintronics Research Network, The University of Tokyo（东京大学自旋网络研究中心）
We demonstrate that the temperature and doping dependencies of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of a doped MoS2 monolayer have several peculiar characteristics defined by trion radiative decay. While only zero-momentum exciton states are coupled to light, radiative recombination of non-zero momentum trions is also allowed. This leads to an asymmetric broadening of the trion spectral peak and redshift of the emitted light with increasing temperature. The lowest energy trion state is dark, which is manifested by the sharply non-monotonic temperature dependence of the PL intensity. Our calculat…
Mn2+-doped semiconductor nanocrystals with tuned location and concentration of Mn2+ ions can yield diverse coupling regimes, which can highly influence their optical properties such as emission wavelength and photoluminescence (PL) lifetime. However, investigation on the relationship between the Mn2+ concentration and the optical properties is still challenging because of the complex interactions of Mn2+ ions and the host and between the Mn2+ ions. Here, atomically flat ZnS nanoplatelets (NPLs) with uniform thickness were chosen as matrixes for Mn2+ doping. Using time-resolved (TR) PL spectros…
We synthesized strontium titanate SrTiO$_3$ (STO), Zr doped $\text{Sr}_\text{1-x}\text{Zr}_\text{x}\text{Ti}\text{O}_3$ and (Zr, Ni) co-doped $\text{Sr}_\text{1-x}\text{Zr}_\text{x}\text{Ti}_\text{1-y}\text{Ni}_\text{y}\text{O}_3$ samples using solid state reaction technique to report their structural, electrical and magnetic properties. The cubic $Pm$-$3m$ phase of the synthesized samples has been confirmed using Rietveld analysis of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern. The grain size of the synthesized materials was reduced significantly due to Zr doping as well as (Zr, Ni) co-doping in STO…
We present photoluminescence measurements in monolayer WSe$_2$, which point to the importance of the interaction between charged particles and excitonic complexes. The theoretical analysis highlights the key role played by exchange scattering, referring to cases wherein the particle composition of the complex changes after the interaction. For example, exchange scattering renders bright excitonic complexes dark in monolayer WSe$_2$ on accounts of the unique valley-spin configuration in this material. In addition to the ultrafast energy relaxation of hot excitonic complexes following their inte…
Memristors have attracted interest as neuromorphic computation elements because they show promise in enabling efficient hardware implementations of artificial neurons and synapses. We performed measurements on interface-type memristors to validate their use in neuromorphic hardware. Specifically, we utilised Nb-doped SrTiO$_3$ memristors as synapses in a simulated neural network by arranging them into differential synaptic pairs, with the weight of the connection given by the difference in normalised conductance values between the two paired memristors. This network learned to represent functi…
Electronic and magnetic structure of epitaxial NiO/Fe$_3$O$_4$(001) heterostructures grown on MgO(001) and Nb-doped SrTiO$_3$(001)
我们研究了一些磁铁矿基薄膜的基本化学，电子和磁性。主要研究了MgO（001）和Nb-SrTiO $_3$（001）衬底上生长的NiO/Fe $_3$ O $_4$（001）双层薄膜。我们比较的结果与纯Fe $_3$ O $_4$（001）薄膜。结果发现，磁铁矿层被氧化，Fe $^{3+}$占主导地位的表面由于磁赤铁矿（$γ$ -Fe $_2$ O $_3$）的形成，这减少了磁铁矿层的厚度。从约20 nm的层厚度上的阳离子分布接近于化学计量的Fe $_3$ O $_4$。在NiO和Fe $_3$ O $_4$之间的界面处，我们发现Ni处于二价态，在Ni 2 p核心水平X射线光电子能谱中具有NiO典型的明确的光谱特征。通过XMCD可以排除明显的NiFe $_2$ O $_4$中间层的形成。磁光克尔效应测量揭示了显着更高的矫顽场相比，MgO（001）和45 $^{\circ}$旋转磁易轴上生长的磁铁矿薄膜。我们讨论了磁性层的自旋磁矩，发现磁矩随薄膜厚度的增加而增加。在较低的厚度下，在Nb-SrTiO $_3$上生长的NiO/Fe $_3$ O $_4$薄膜的自旋磁矩显著降低。20 nm或更高的厚度导致自旋磁矩接近块状磁铁矿的自旋磁矩。
Yb3+-doped inorganic metal-halide perovskites (Yb3+:CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br) have recently been discovered to display highly efficient quantum cutting, in which the energy from individual blue or UV photons absorbed by the material is re-emitted in the form of pairs of near-infrared photons by Yb3+ dopants. Experimental photoluminescence quantum yields approaching 200{%} have been reported. As the first quantum-cutting materials that combine such high photoluminescence quantum yields with strong, broadband absorption in the visible, these materials offer unique opportunities for enhancing the effic…
